HESI Pharmacology EXIT EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2023 RN study notes for hesi exit exam and ATI exits

HESI Pharmacology EXIT EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2023 RN study notes for hesi exit exam and ATI exits - Gemfibrozil (Lipid-lowering agent, monitor liver panels! AST and ALT) - Famotidine is an H2-histamine blocker that is taken BEFORE meals or BEDTIME. Used to treat gastric ulcers and/or duodenal ulcers. Relieves heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and GERD. - Esomeprazole: reduces stomach acid as a PPI (prevent ulcers). Indicated: GERD, PUD. Do NOT take other foods or medications!!! Hypomagnesemia may occur, so use supplements. Calcium supplements may be needed r/t osteoporosis risk. NO smoking or alcohol use. Monitor for s/s of BLEEDING: black tarry stool. - Glipizide: 2nd generation sulfonylurea. Given to clients who produce minimal amounts of insulin such as T2DM. Meds that increase effects: aspirin, oral anticoagulants, MAOIs, sulfonamides, cimetidine, some NSAIDs, ginseng, gemfibrozil - Procainamide: treats PVC’s or atrial tachycardia SE: hypotension and bradycardia - Lidocaine: used in frequent PVCs > than 6-10 a minute, pulseless V tach. - Atropine sulfate: antidysrhythmic used in bradycardia if the patient is SYMPTOMATIC. It ↑ the HR, and ↑ CO. - Benztropine: anti-parkinsonian agent. Used with EPS side effects to counteract it. - Verapamil: CCB. treats SVT, you want to check HR. Poor choice for kidney issues. - Dexamethasone: corticosteroid, take with breakfast to prevent ulcer formation - Amikacin: aminoglycoside; RISKS: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity. SE: Nausea, diarrhea (signs of superinfection). Can POTENTIATE action of WARFARIN so caution use. - Estrogen: initial adverse effect is nausea and common at breakfast time so take after a meal. - Alteplase: thrombolytic. Dissolves existing or potential clots. Indication: sluggish blood return, treatment of acute ischemic stroke (given within 4.5 hr of symptoms). - Oxytocin/pitocin: Stimulate contractions. discontinue if the contractions are greater than 2 mins or when 5 or more contractions in 10 mins. ASSESS maternal pulse and BP q 15 mins, contractions and FHR. Give IVPB, NEVER primary IV. - Heparin: (fast). Antidote: protamine sulfate. Lab: PTT (1.5-2x normal) with platelets. Administer SQ or IV only 1-2 mL with Needle size: 25g-27g and ⅜”-⅝”. Monitor risk for bleeding! Safe for pregnancy. - Enoxaparin: LMWH. Reduces risk of clot formation in lower extremities (DVT’s). REPORT signs of BLEEDING. 1 mL dose use 1 mL syringe. 28 g needle SQ. Risk for HIT and occurs ~5-14 days of use. NO PTT labs, only PLATELETS. Monitor for thrombocytopenia (↓ platelets). - Potassium Chloride (KCl): Tx: hypokalemia. NO IV PUSH. can cause burning/discomfort, so change the IV rate. Infiltration: D/C, elevate extremity, warm compress. S/S: site is cool/clammy or swollen and some pain. - Spironolactone: K+-sparing diuretic. Encourage diet LOW in potassium (no oranges, banana, cantaloupe, apricot, broccoli, potato, leafy greens, salt substitutes