Human Physiology Exam #1 questions and answers well illustrated.

Human Physiology Exam #1 questions and answers well illustrated. Physiology is the study of ... - correct normal functioning of a living organism and it's component parts. Greek for "relationship to nature" and studies the functions homeostasis - correct ce/euilibrium of an internal enviornment even when the external environment is out of balance Pathology - correct s when normal function is disrupted and a disease state or condidtion forces the internal environment out of balance basic cell composition - correct answers.H2O, electrolytes, protein, lipids, and carbohydrates subatomic particles - correct rons, protons, neutrons Atom - correct nation of subatomic particles molecules - correct answers.a binding together of multiple atoms Isotope - correct number of protons is consistent, but the number of neutrons may vary Elements - correct answers.The simplest substances; they cannot be decomposed or resolved by chemical change into simpler substances. they are the basic substances out of which all matter is composed Major Elements of the human body (99.9%) : - correct n, hydrogen, calcium, potassium, chlorine, magnesium, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and sodium Trace elements (.1%): - correct answers.Cobalt, fluorine, Iron, zinc, copper, iodine, manganese Ion - correct answers.When an atom gains or loses one or more electrons and it acquires an electrical charge. If it gains an electron (a negative charge) it is called an anion. If it loses and electron ( a positive charge) it is called a cation Molecule - correct two or more atoms are combined of the same kind Compound - correct two or more atoms are combined of the a different kind Role of electrons - correct umental in bond formation Ionic bonds - correct d between oppositely charged particles (NaCl) if separated in solution the result can be an Electrolyte (fluid regulators), salt Covalent bonds - correct ules in which electrons are shared instead instead of gained or lost Hydrogen bonds - correct bonds formed between water molecules and intramolecular bonds-bonds that hold different parts of the same molecule together into a three-dimensional shape Polar molecules - correct ules that develop regions of partial positive and negative charge (water) Nonpolar molecules - correct elctrons distributed so evenly that there are no regions of partial positive or negative charge Water (H2O) - correct rsal solvent, can dissolve many differnt substances in large amounts Hydro - correct hydrophilic - correct loving hydrophobic - correct hating Mixture - correct sts of two or more compounds combined but are not chemically bound solution - correct eneous (parts of the same kind) mixture where the molecules are evenly distributed and will not separated upon standing solvent - correct dissolving substance Solute - correct substance which is being dissolved (sugar glucose, small protein molecules, carbon dioxide and oxygen) suspension - correct ogenous (parts of different kind) mixture where the particles will separate out upon standing Calloid - correct ogenous mixture where the particles remain suspended, but do not separate upon standing Acid - correct donate a hydrogen ion into solution Base - correct accept hydrogens ions from a solution Salt - correct a balanced combination of an acid with a salt (KCl) PH scale - correct answers.Monitors the acidity and alkalinity of a solution based on how many inons have been released into the solution. The higher the H concentration the more acid the solution. the higher the OH concentration, the more basic the solution Blood is - correct answers.7.35-7.45 Buffers - correct answers.Resist the Ph change and help prevent such changes (bicarbonates) Biomolecules - correct answers.Organic molecules associated with living organisms, Contain C, H, and O, along with other key elements such as P and N Carbohydrates - correct sed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, CHO abbreviation which when combined in various combinations are referred to as Saccharides. These are the most abundant biomolecules simple carbohydrates - correct molecules of sugar monosaccharides - correct sed of a single sugar glucose - correct lates in the blood, storable from in the liver ( glycogen aka. Dextrose) Fructose - correct fruits or honey, ( high fructose corn syrup- artificially altered glucose in cornstarch to fructose which increases the sugar concentration making in a cheap sweetner, but concentrating the sugar being ingested) Galactose - correct y comes from the digestion of milk sugar (lactose) Disaccharides - correct sed of two sugars Sucrose - correct answers.Glucose + Fructose (table sugar, brown, powdered, cane or beet, molasses) Lactose - correct answers.Glucose + Galactose ( milk sugar), aids in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, encourages the growth the useful intestinal bacteria Maltose - correct answers.Glucose + Glucose, often used as a synthetic sweetner complex carbohydrates - correct molecules of sugar ( polysaccharides) combined with starch which together provide energy with dietary fiber Glycogen - correct in animal muscle tissue, crucial in body metabolism and energy balance, constantly being broken down into glucose Dietary Fiber - correct accharides. Two types insoluble & and soluble Insoluble Dietary fiber - correct 't dissolve in water - cellulose, most hemicelluloses ( both of which make up plant cell walls, lignin (forms the woody part of certain plants and binds cellulose fibers) Soluble Dietary Fiber - correct answers.Dissolve or absorb water - gums (secretions of plants and seeds), most pectins, algae and seaweeds - provide fermentation material on which the colon bacteria can work and slows the emptying of the food mass from the stomach ( fuller longer) Lipids - correct answers.Organic substances of a fatty nature including: fats, oils, waxes, and other fat - related compounds such as cholesterol. there are structurally the most diverse biomolecules Lipids are hydrophobic and therefore... - correct nt fluid shifts from one compartment to another which is the basis of disease Lipids have a better... - correct y conversion than proteins and carbohydrates Lipids glycolytic conversion is ... - correct r ( more energy quicker) Glycerides - correct d from glycerol with one, two, or three fatty acids attached Fatty acids - correct building blocks of triglycerides ( glycerol + 3 fatty acids) Essential Fatty Acids - correct that are necessary in the diet. In order to qualify, the following needs to be true: Its absence will create a specific deficiency disease or the body cannot manufacture it in sufficient amounts and must obtain it from the diet Saturated Fatty Acids ( saturated fats) - correct answers.Capable of holding (like a sponge) all the hydrogen molecules - from meats, dairy, eggs, and tropical oils such as: cococnut oil palm and palm kernel oil, generally solid at room temperature Unsaturated Fatty Acids - correct answers.Essential fatty acids, capable of holding some hydrogen ions, liquid at room temperature Monounsaturated Fatty Acids - correct room to hold one more hydrogen molecule - from olives, olive oils, peanuts, peanut oil, canola oil, almonds, pecans and avocados LDL - correct cholesterol HDL - correct answers.Good cholesterol Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids - correct answers.Have room to hold multiple hydrogen molecules - from vegetable oils, safflower, corn, cottonseed, soybean and fish oils Omega 3 - correct answers.Lowers bad cholesterol while keeping good cholesterol stable and reduces tissue inflammation, best sources: fish like salmon, sardines, tuna, as well as flax seeds and flaxseed oil and walnuts Omega 6 - correct answers.Lowers cholesterol when eaten in place of saturated fat, but it lowers both bad and good cholesterol as well as increases inflammation, best sources: safflower, sunflower, and corn oils, and mayonnaise and made with these oils Foods containing both Omega 3 & 6 include: - correct ts, tofu, wheat germ, and soybean oil Sterols - correct answers.a subgroup of steroids ( sex hermones) that are made by plants and animals and are vital in the stabilization of the cell membrane, cholesterol specifically acts in this capacity ~ stabilizes the phospholipid bilayer Amino acids - correct answers.Building blocks of proteins ( like beads on a necklace), compounds containing nitrogen. Peptides - correct chains of amino acids polypeptides - correct r chains of amino acids proteins - correct chains of amino acids (primary structure)