Annual Competency Exam questions and answers

List three blood borne pathogens HIV Hepatitis B Hepatitis C What is hepatitis? Inflammation of the liver How is hep a transmitted? Contaminated food and oral-fecal route How is hep B and C transmitted? Exposure to blood and body fluids of an infected person How long can hep b live on surfaces for? Seven days When caring for HBV patients staff should NOT Take care of hepatitis susceptible patients on the same shift at the same time Why do we dialyze hep c in the clinical area and not in isolation? Not as contagious as hep B What blood test indicates infection with Hep B? HbsAg Indicates viral presence Tests for the antigen What blood test indicates immunity against hep b? HbsAb Indicates presence of immunity What vaccine provides long term immunity to hep b? Recombivax Engerix S/S of TB Night sweats Productive, persistent cought Unexplained weight loss Chills Fever Blood tinged sputum How is TB spread? Droplet What can live outside of the body for seven days? How are they spread? MRSA VRE Spread through contaminated hands of health care workers What assures that MRSA patients are no longer actively infected? Three consecutive cultures come back negative Precautions to take when caring for MRSA/VRE? Contact How to seat VRE patients In the same cohort as people with the same bacteria How long should you wash your hands for? With alcohol? 40-60 seconds soap and water 20-30 seconds alcohol What is urea? A by product of protein metabolism What is creatine? A by product of muscle metabolism What is uric acid? Occurs naturally in the human body as a result of the metabolism of purine Purine is from dietary intake or the breakdown of the bodies own cells What does the nephron do? Filters blood to form urine What performs the first step in filtering blood? The glomerulus Which of the functions of healthy kidneys can be replaced by dialysis? Removal of waste products Regulation of fluid balance What is renin? Regulates blood pressure Sodium and potassium balance Three common causes of renal failure Diabetic neuropathy or glomerulosclerosis HTN causing nephrosclerosis Glomerulonephritis S/S of uremia Yellow-gray appearance Headache weakness fluid overload anemia Elevated BUN and creatinine Itching Changes in mental status Normal GFR 90+ Mildly reduced GFR 60-89 Moderately reduced kidney function 30-59 Severely reduced kidney function 15-29 Very severely reduced kidney function less than 15 Why are renal patients acidotic? Kidneys control acid/base balance Hydrogen builds up due to lack of bicarb What needs to be considered when giving meds? Decrease elimination due to loss of kidney function Potential toxicity Increased potency/duration Increased frequency Phosphate binders Tums Amphojel Alucaps Renagel Renvela Phoslo What is hectoral, calcijex, and zemplar? Help absorb calcium Reduce PTH What is the desired hemoglobin level for hemodialysis patients 10-11 What med is seen to slow progression of kidney disease? Lisinopril beta blocker How do you check blood sugar levels? From the arterial port What controls the bodies homeostasis? Electrolytes