Chemistry MLT Questions And Answers
With Complete Solutions
Sample Collection and Handling correct answer: 1.- Serum (red
top) for most chemistry tests
2.- Plama- Heparin better than oxalate, EDTA, citrate
3.-Heparin (on ice)-ammonia, blood gases
4.- Sodium fluoride (gray top)
a) Glucose (prevents glycolysis)
b) NOT for BUN (inhibits urease)
5.- Acid Phosphatase must be stabilized or pH decreased
6.- EDTA
a) NOT for Na+ of K+ (EDTA contains Na+ and K+)
b) Not for Ca++ since calcium is chelated in EDTA (will cause a
false decreased) correct answer: Sample Collection and HandlingR
Remember Hemolysis correct answer: as the cell bursts, help (c) KLAMO the leak
K k+ increased
L LD increased
A Aldolase (ALD increase) Acid Phosphatase (ACP Increased)
M Mg++ increase
P PO4 increases
Carbohydrates: Glucose 1.- Digestion, metabolism, regulation correct answer: a) End product of carbohydrate digestion in the intestine
b) Blood glucose is maintained at a fairly constant level by hormones (Insulin decreased; all others increase, see table on page 102)
c) Provides energy for life processes
Carbohydrates: Glucose
2.- Specimen collection and handling correct answer: a) Glucose levels decrease approximately 10 mg/dL per hour in whole blood (7%)
b) Refrigerated serum in fairly stable
c) Sodium fluoride (anticoagulant) prevents glycolysis (gray top blue)
d) Fasting reference range for serum or plasma is 70-100 mg/dL
e) Arterial and capillary values are 2-3 mg/dL higher
f) "Normal" CSF values are two thirds (approximately 60-65%) of plasma levels.
Carbohydrates: Glucose
3.- Glucose Methods: correct answer: Enzymatic
a) Glucose oxidase Reactions
-coupled Reactions
Glu. Ox converts glucose to gluconic acid + H2O2
Peroxiase converts H2O2 to O2
O2+ chromogenic acceptor gives color correct answer: -Method
used on urine dispticks
-Modified method measures oxygen consumption with a pO2 electrode -Interfering substances -extremely high doses of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)-cause decrease results
b) Hexokinase + ATP converts glucose to G6P + ADP
G6PD + NADP converts G6P to NAPD + H + NADPH measures directly at 340 nm or coupled to chromogen and measured in visible range. correct answer: -Reference method
-Couple reactions
Hormone: Insulin
source: B cells of Islets of Langerhans of pancreas correct answer: Action: - Decreased serum glucose - Stimulates glucose uptake by cells
Hormone: Glucagon
Source: (a) cells of pancreas correct answer: Action: - increased
glucose - Stimulates glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen = glucose)
Hormone: ACTH
Source: Anterior pituitary correct answer: Action: Increase glucose
-Insulin antagonist
Hormone: Growth Hormone
Source: Anterior pituitary correct answer: Action: - Increased glucose
-Insulin antagonist
-Acromegaly= hyperglycemia
Hormone: Cortisol Source: Adrenal cortex correct answer: Action: Increase glucose
-Stimulates gluconeogenesis ( glucose from non-carbohydrate source)
Hormone: Human Placental Lactogen
Source: Placenta correct answer: Action: Increase glucose
-Insulin antagonist
Hormone: Epinephrine
Source: Adrenal Medulla correct answer: Action: Increase glucose
-Stimulates glycogenolysis
-Phenochromocytoma- tumor of adrenal medulla= hyperglycemia
Hormone: T3 and T4
Source: Thyroid gland correct answer: Action: Increase glucose
-Stimulates glycogenolysis
Remember Fido the Diabetic Dog
Cause increase or NO Insulin Production correct answer: Symptoms:
Tired
Polyuria
Increase thirst and hunger
weight Loss
Poor wound healing
Lab tests: Increase glucose (serum and urine)
With Complete Solutions
Sample Collection and Handling correct answer: 1.- Serum (red
top) for most chemistry tests
2.- Plama- Heparin better than oxalate, EDTA, citrate
3.-Heparin (on ice)-ammonia, blood gases
4.- Sodium fluoride (gray top)
a) Glucose (prevents glycolysis)
b) NOT for BUN (inhibits urease)
5.- Acid Phosphatase must be stabilized or pH decreased
6.- EDTA
a) NOT for Na+ of K+ (EDTA contains Na+ and K+)
b) Not for Ca++ since calcium is chelated in EDTA (will cause a
false decreased) correct answer: Sample Collection and HandlingR
Remember Hemolysis correct answer: as the cell bursts, help (c) KLAMO the leak
K k+ increased
L LD increased
A Aldolase (ALD increase) Acid Phosphatase (ACP Increased)
M Mg++ increase
P PO4 increases
Carbohydrates: Glucose 1.- Digestion, metabolism, regulation correct answer: a) End product of carbohydrate digestion in the intestine
b) Blood glucose is maintained at a fairly constant level by hormones (Insulin decreased; all others increase, see table on page 102)
c) Provides energy for life processes
Carbohydrates: Glucose
2.- Specimen collection and handling correct answer: a) Glucose levels decrease approximately 10 mg/dL per hour in whole blood (7%)
b) Refrigerated serum in fairly stable
c) Sodium fluoride (anticoagulant) prevents glycolysis (gray top blue)
d) Fasting reference range for serum or plasma is 70-100 mg/dL
e) Arterial and capillary values are 2-3 mg/dL higher
f) "Normal" CSF values are two thirds (approximately 60-65%) of plasma levels.
Carbohydrates: Glucose
3.- Glucose Methods: correct answer: Enzymatic
a) Glucose oxidase Reactions
-coupled Reactions
Glu. Ox converts glucose to gluconic acid + H2O2
Peroxiase converts H2O2 to O2
O2+ chromogenic acceptor gives color correct answer: -Method
used on urine dispticks
-Modified method measures oxygen consumption with a pO2 electrode -Interfering substances -extremely high doses of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)-cause decrease results
b) Hexokinase + ATP converts glucose to G6P + ADP
G6PD + NADP converts G6P to NAPD + H + NADPH measures directly at 340 nm or coupled to chromogen and measured in visible range. correct answer: -Reference method
-Couple reactions
Hormone: Insulin
source: B cells of Islets of Langerhans of pancreas correct answer: Action: - Decreased serum glucose - Stimulates glucose uptake by cells
Hormone: Glucagon
Source: (a) cells of pancreas correct answer: Action: - increased
glucose - Stimulates glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen = glucose)
Hormone: ACTH
Source: Anterior pituitary correct answer: Action: Increase glucose
-Insulin antagonist
Hormone: Growth Hormone
Source: Anterior pituitary correct answer: Action: - Increased glucose
-Insulin antagonist
-Acromegaly= hyperglycemia
Hormone: Cortisol Source: Adrenal cortex correct answer: Action: Increase glucose
-Stimulates gluconeogenesis ( glucose from non-carbohydrate source)
Hormone: Human Placental Lactogen
Source: Placenta correct answer: Action: Increase glucose
-Insulin antagonist
Hormone: Epinephrine
Source: Adrenal Medulla correct answer: Action: Increase glucose
-Stimulates glycogenolysis
-Phenochromocytoma- tumor of adrenal medulla= hyperglycemia
Hormone: T3 and T4
Source: Thyroid gland correct answer: Action: Increase glucose
-Stimulates glycogenolysis
Remember Fido the Diabetic Dog
Cause increase or NO Insulin Production correct answer: Symptoms:
Tired
Polyuria
Increase thirst and hunger
weight Loss
Poor wound healing
Lab tests: Increase glucose (serum and urine)
