PORTAGE BIOCHEM MODULE 6 EXAM Q&A
.Most common nucleic acids: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
2.Nucleic acid monomers: nucleotides
3.DNA function: stores genetic info encoding primary sequence of proteins
4.RNA function: makes proteins from info in DNA
5.Nucleotide structure: base + monosaccharide + phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
6.Site of phosphoric acid bonding to sugar: Carbon 5
7.Composition of bases: heterocyclic organic compounds containing N
8.Purine structure: 2 rings fused together
9.Purine bases: Adenine and Guanine
10.Pyramidine structure: single ring
11.Pyramidine bases: Cytosine, thymine (DNA), uracil (RNA)
12.Distinction between thymine and uracil: Thymine has an extra methyl group (looks like an antenna)
13.RNA sugar: D-ribose; carbon 2 has an -OH group
14.DNA sugar: 2-deoxy-D-ribose; Carbon 2 has -H
15.Nucleoside structure: base covalently bonded to ribose or 2-
deoxyribose
16.Site of base + sugar bonding: anomeric carbon of sugar and N of base PORTAGE BIOCHEM MODULE 6 EXAM Q&A
.primary structure of nucleic acids: covalent bonding of phosphate groups and sugar to form backbone
18.5' end: phosphate group is located at carbon 5 of sugar
19.3' end: hydroxyl group (-OH) is located at carbon 3 of sugar
20.What dictates primary structure of DNA?: Order of bases from 5' to 3'
21.Oligonucleotide: A chain of 50 or fewer nucleotides
22.DNA secondary structure: Any stable structure taken up by some or all of the nucleotides, such as a double helix
23.DNA tertiary structure: massive, more complex folding structures
24.Discovery of DNA double helix structure: 1953, Watson & Crick
25.Erwin Chargaff Conclusions: 1. Base composition of DNA varies between species
2.DNA isolated from different tissues or parts of an organism is the same
3.In DNA, A&T are equimolar; C&G are equimolar
26.Structure of DNA double helix: 2 complementary (anti-parallel) polynucleotide chains held in place by Hydrogen bonds
27.Number of Hydrogen bonds between A and T: 2
28.Number of hydrogen bonds between G and C: 3
29.A, B, Z forms of DNA: Variants differing by bases per turn and distance of helix rise per turn
30.Most common form of DNA: B form
.Most common nucleic acids: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
2.Nucleic acid monomers: nucleotides
3.DNA function: stores genetic info encoding primary sequence of proteins
4.RNA function: makes proteins from info in DNA
5.Nucleotide structure: base + monosaccharide + phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
6.Site of phosphoric acid bonding to sugar: Carbon 5
7.Composition of bases: heterocyclic organic compounds containing N
8.Purine structure: 2 rings fused together
9.Purine bases: Adenine and Guanine
10.Pyramidine structure: single ring
11.Pyramidine bases: Cytosine, thymine (DNA), uracil (RNA)
12.Distinction between thymine and uracil: Thymine has an extra methyl group (looks like an antenna)
13.RNA sugar: D-ribose; carbon 2 has an -OH group
14.DNA sugar: 2-deoxy-D-ribose; Carbon 2 has -H
15.Nucleoside structure: base covalently bonded to ribose or 2-
deoxyribose
16.Site of base + sugar bonding: anomeric carbon of sugar and N of base PORTAGE BIOCHEM MODULE 6 EXAM Q&A
.primary structure of nucleic acids: covalent bonding of phosphate groups and sugar to form backbone
18.5' end: phosphate group is located at carbon 5 of sugar
19.3' end: hydroxyl group (-OH) is located at carbon 3 of sugar
20.What dictates primary structure of DNA?: Order of bases from 5' to 3'
21.Oligonucleotide: A chain of 50 or fewer nucleotides
22.DNA secondary structure: Any stable structure taken up by some or all of the nucleotides, such as a double helix
23.DNA tertiary structure: massive, more complex folding structures
24.Discovery of DNA double helix structure: 1953, Watson & Crick
25.Erwin Chargaff Conclusions: 1. Base composition of DNA varies between species
2.DNA isolated from different tissues or parts of an organism is the same
3.In DNA, A&T are equimolar; C&G are equimolar
26.Structure of DNA double helix: 2 complementary (anti-parallel) polynucleotide chains held in place by Hydrogen bonds
27.Number of Hydrogen bonds between A and T: 2
28.Number of hydrogen bonds between G and C: 3
29.A, B, Z forms of DNA: Variants differing by bases per turn and distance of helix rise per turn
30.Most common form of DNA: B form
