Community Health Nursing Final Exam questions and answers well illustrated.

Community Health Nursing Final Exam questions and answers well illustrated. The conditions and circumstances in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age that are shaped by a set of forces beyond the control of the individual: economics and the distribution of money, power, social policies, and politics at the global, national, state, and local levels - correct answers.Social Determinants Of Health provides science-based, 10-year national objectives for improving the health of all Americans - correct answers.Healthy People 2020 measures that actively promote health, prevent illness and provide protection - correct answers.Primary Prevention who is the target of primary prevention? - correct tially well population what are some examples of primary prevention in PH? - correct answers.- annual vaccination - health education at high schools early diagnosis and prompt interventions that limit disability - identifies risks or hazards and modifies, removes or treats them before a problem becomes more serious - correct answers.Secondary Prevention who is the target of secondary prevention? - correct ations that have risk factors in common what are some examples of secondary prevention in PH? - correct ning / testing -BP -Cholesterol -Blood glucose -STD -pregnancy test which LOP reduces impairments and disabilities, minimize suffering, promote adjustment to immediate condition and rehab - correct answers.Tertiary Prevention who is the target of tertiary prevention? - correct ation in which a disease or injury has occurred what are some examples of tertiary prevention - correct ing a diabetic patient to: -exercise -diet -foot care Core Functions of Public Health - correct answers.Assessment, Policy Development, Assurance systemic data collection about a population including monitoring population's health status and provide / disseminating info about the health of community - correct sment create policies that support health of the population through leadership and research - correct y development making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available - correct ance collection of individuals who have one or more personal or environmental characteristics in common - correct ations example of populations - correct answers.- people in the same neighborhood - people on a sports team - nursing students - sorority what a population focus is in PH nursing? - correct oses, interventions and treatments are carried out for population what does community as client refer to? - correct ng focus on collective or common good of population Population assessment - correct answers.-a core function of PH -process of thinking critically about population -logical, systematic approach to identify community needs, clarify problems, identify strengths and resources -ongoing process what is the primary goal of a community assessment? - correct ify the health needs of a community What are the steps to assess a population - correct answers.1. gather relevant existing data 2. develop composite database 3. interpret composite database to identify community problems and strengths 4. analyze problem how is a community nursing diagnosis form? - correct answers.1. "risk for or actual" -identifies specific problem or risk faced by the community 2. "among" -specific population that is affected by the problem or risk 3. "related to" -identifies factors/strengths/weaknesses influencing the problem or risk levels of practice - correct answers.1. individuals/ families 2. community 3. system how is the intervention wheel used? - correct answers.- identifies core PHN function levels: individuas/families, communities, systems - identifies 17 interventions -adopted worldwide assumption 1 of the intervention wheel defines PHN practice: - correct answers.-promoting and protecting the health of populations using nursing, social and public health sciences -education in both PH and nursing -primary focus: health and disease prevention for entire population groups assumption 2 of the intervention wheel: PHN practice focuses on populations. what populations are they focused on? - correct answers.-populations at risk -populations of interest a population with a common identified risk factor or risk exposure that poses a threat to health - correct ation at risk a population that is essentially healthy but that could improve factors that promote or protect health - correct ation of interest assumption 3 of the intervention wheel: PHN practice considers the determinants of health. what are determinants of health? - correct answers.-health inequities such as unaffordable insurance, limited health care resources in particular areas, lack of opportunities to be health -US inequities: race, gender, age, socioeconomic status factors that influence health status across life cycle - correct minants of health In assumption 4 of the intervention wheel: priorities identified through community assessment. what is a community assessment and what is the result? - correct answers.-community assessment: ongoing collection and analysis -result: list of community issues - identify gaps btwn needs and services assumption 5 of intervention wheel: emphasis on prevention. what are the levels of prevention? - correct answers.-primary (well population) -secondary (early stages of disease) -tertiary (seeks to prevent worsening of crisis) - although not every event is preventable, every event has a preventable component anticipatory action taken to prevent the occurrence of an event or to minimize its effect after it has occurred - correct ntion assumption 6 of the intervention wheel: PHNs intervene at 3 levels of practice. what are the 3 levels? - correct answers.- community level: change community norms, attitudes, awareness, practices and behaviors - system: change organizations, law, policies and power structures -individual/families: change behaviors, knowledge, attitudes, practices and beliefs assumptions of the intervention wheel, what is assumption 7? - correct answers.Assumption 7: PHN Practice Uses the Nursing Process at All Levels of Practice -nursing process: assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementations, evaluation -PHNs must customize the process to the 3 levels of practice Assumption 8 of the intervention wheel: PHN Practice Uses a Common Set of Interventions Regardless of Practice Setting - correct answers.- 17 interventions: grouped in color-coded wedges > red, green, and blue = individuals/families, classes & groups > orange and yellow - systems and communities all have components of case finding: surveillance disease and other investigations outreach screening - correct wedge referral and follow-up case management delegated functions - correct wedge this wedge of the intervention wheel includes: health teaching counseling consultation - correct wedge collaboration coalition building community organizing - correct e wedge which wedge of the intervention wheel includes: advocacy social marketing policy development & enforcement - correct w wedge advocacy is often viewed as a precusor to ______ ________ - correct y development social marketing is seen by some as a method of carrying out _____________ - correct acy Which of the 17 interventions is often preceded by outreach activities and frequently follows surveillance? A. Community organizing B. Case management C. Counseling D. Screening - correct answers.Answer: D Screening frequently follows either surveillance or disease and health event investigation & is often proceeded by outreach assumptions of the intervention wheel, what is assumption 9? - correct answers.Assumption 9: PHN Practice Contributes to the Achievement of the 10 Essential Services -10 essential services = what PHN does > protect and promote health - interventions = how it gets done >the means; the implementation assumptions of the intervention wheel, what is assumption 10? - correct answers.Assumption 10: PHN Practice Is Grounded in a Set of Values and Beliefs -cornerstones of PHN >synthesize values & beliefs from both PH and nursing -the intervention wheel = what and how -cornerstone = why best available evidence from a variety of sources including research studies, nursing experience and expertise, and community leaders. - correct nce based practice why do we use the intervention wheel? - correct n language framework, way of thinking about PHN practice identifying and documenting interventions performed by PHN what are the 3 components on the intervention wheel? - correct answers.1. population-based 2. 3 practice levels 3. 17 interventions Which of the 17 interventions is often seen as a precursor to policy development? A. Advocacy B. Counseling C. Case finding D. Health teaching - correct answers.Answer: A Advocacy interventions found on the intervention wheel - correct answers.1. surveillance 2. disease and other health investigations 3. outreach 4. screening 5. case finding 6. referral and follow-up 7. case management 8. delegated functions 9. health teaching 10. consultation 11. counseling 12. collaboration 13. coalition building 14. community organizing 15. advocacy 16. social marketing 17. policy development & enforcement steps in evidence-based practice process: - correct answers.1. spirit of inquiry 2. ask clinical questions 3. search for the best evidence 4. integrate evidence with clinical expertise, client preferences and value 5. evaluate outcomes of practice decision / changes based on evidence 6. disseminating EBP results examples of evidence based practice - correct answers.