Ik heb het vak 'Politicologie' aan het UGent helemaal samengevat aan de hand van de syllabus. Daarnaast heb ik mijn samenvatting aangevuld met lesnota's. Zelf ben ik de geslaagd tijdens de eerste zit met een 16/20. Als ik het kan, kan jij dat ook! Succes!
,Inhoud
Hoofstuk 1: Wat is Politiek?......................................................................................................................................9
1. Inleiding.............................................................................................................................................................9
2. Wat is politiek? Op zoek naar een omschrijving...............................................................................................9
2.1 Oorsprong van het begrip...........................................................................................................................9
2.2 Bevolking op een territorium ?.................................................................................................................10
2.3 Van nachtwaker naar nanny.....................................................................................................................10
3. Geschiedenis: 3 hoogtepunten.......................................................................................................................10
4. Essentially Contested Concept........................................................................................................................11
5. De relativiteit van indelingen..........................................................................................................................11
5.1 Carl Schmitt...............................................................................................................................................11
5.2 Chantall mouffe.........................................................................................................................................12
5.3 David Easton..............................................................................................................................................12
Hoofstuk 3: Ideologieën..........................................................................................................................................13
1. Inleiding...........................................................................................................................................................13
2. Wat is ideologie?.............................................................................................................................................13
3. De morfologie van ideologieën (Heywood)....................................................................................................14
4. Link en rechts: een gps in de politiek?............................................................................................................15
a. Oorsprong van links-rechts..........................................................................................................................15
b. Relevantie van links rechts..........................................................................................................................16
c. Ontdubbeling van links-rechts.....................................................................................................................16
5. Een beknopt overzicht van enkele ideologieën..............................................................................................18
a. Inleiding.......................................................................................................................................................18
b. Liberalisme..................................................................................................................................................18
c. Conservatisme.............................................................................................................................................20
d. Socialisme....................................................................................................................................................23
e. Nationalisme................................................................................................................................................24
F. Ecologisme...................................................................................................................................................26
6. Is er nog een toekomst voor ideologieën?......................................................................................................27
a. Het einde van de ideologie?........................................................................................................................27
b. En het populisme dan?................................................................................................................................28
Hoofdstuk 4: macht.................................................................................................................................................28
1. Inleiding: macht is een moeilijk vak................................................................................................................28
2. Wat is macht?..................................................................................................................................................30
2.1 De bestanddelen van macht: de visie van Dennis Wrong.........................................................................30
3. Dimensies van macht volgens Steven Lukes...................................................................................................32
3
, 3.1 De eerste dimensie: het pluralisme..........................................................................................................32
3.2 De tweede dimensie: de kritiek op het pluralisme van Bachrach en Baratz............................................33
3.3 De derde dimensie: de visie van Steven Lukes.........................................................................................33
Hoofdstuk 5: Macht in weinig handen....................................................................................................................35
1. Inleding: betekenis van de studie van elites...................................................................................................35
1.1 Elites zijn niet per se problematisch, politieke elites zijn niet alleen.......................................................35
1.2: België is een elitair politiek systeem........................................................................................................35
2. Elite: oorsprong, beschrijving, criteria en onderzoek.....................................................................................36
2.1 Beschrijving...............................................................................................................................................36
3. ‘Rule by all’, ‘rule by many’, of ‘rule by the happy few’?................................................................................36
3.1 Rule by all: Het pluralisme.........................................................................................................................36
3.2 RUle by happy few: Het elitisme...............................................................................................................38
3.3 Rule by many: Het (neo)corporatisme......................................................................................................39
Hoofdstuk 6: Macht in veel handen........................................................................................................................44
1. Inleiding...........................................................................................................................................................44
2. Politieke cultuur..............................................................................................................................................44
2.1 Inleiding.....................................................................................................................................................44
2.2 Wat is ‘politieke cultuur’?.........................................................................................................................44
2.3 Subculturen en breuklijnen.......................................................................................................................45
3. Politieke socialisatie........................................................................................................................................51
3.1 Geen computers........................................................................................................................................51
3.2 Wat is politieke socialisatie?.....................................................................................................................51
3.3 Socialisatieagenten....................................................................................................................................51
3.4 Een heel leven lang?..................................................................................................................................52
4. Politieke participatie........................................................................................................................................52
4.1 Inleiding.....................................................................................................................................................52
4.2 Verschillende benaderingen en evolutie van het comncept....................................................................52
4.3 Verschillende vormen van politieke participatie......................................................................................54
4.4 Verklaringen voor de variatie in politieke participatie..............................................................................55
4.5 Stemgedrag...............................................................................................................................................55
Hoofdstuk 7: Politieke partijen...............................................................................................................................61
1. Inleiding: wat is een politieke partij................................................................................................................61
2. Het ontstaan van politieke partijen.................................................................................................................62
2.1 De institutionele benadering.....................................................................................................................63
2.2 Het traditionele breuklijnmodel (Lipset & Rokkan)..................................................................................63
2.3 Naar nieuwe breuklijnen? (Theorie rond ontstaan van Nieuw sociale beweging) (Inglehart).................65
3. Typologieën van partijen.................................................................................................................................65
4
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