ATI PHARMACOLOGY BIOL 109 FINAL EXAM REVISED LATEST 2023

1. A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of lactulose to a client who has cirrhosis. The client states, "I don't need this medication. I am not constipated." The nurse should explain that in clients who have cirrhosis, lactulose is used to decrease levelsof which of the following components in the bloodstream? a. Glucose b. Ammonia c. Potassium d. Bicarbonate Rationale: Lactulose, a disaccharide, is a sugar that works as an osmotic diuretic. It prevents absorption of ammonia in the colon. Accumulation of ammonia in the bloodstream, which occurs in pathologic conditions of the liver, such as cirrhosis, may affect the central nervous system, causing hepatic encephalopathy or coma. 2. A nurse on a medical unit is planning care for an older adult client who takes several medications. Which of the following prescribed medications places theclient at risk for orthostatic hypotension? (Select all that apply.) a. Furosemide b. Telmisartan c. Duloxetine d. Clopidogrel e. Atorvastatin 3. A nurse is caring for a client who has difficulty swallowing medications and is prescribed enteric- coated aspirin PO once daily. The client asks if the medicationcan be crushed to make it easier to swallow. Which of the following responses should the nurse provide? a. "Crushing the medication might cause you to have a stomach-ache orindigestion b. "Crushing the medication is a good idea, and I can mix it in some icecream for you.” c. "Crushing the medication would release all the medication at once, ratherthan over time." d. "Crushing is unsafe, as it destroys the ingredients in the medication." Rationale: The pill is enteric-coated to prevent breakdown in the stomach and decrease the possibility of GI distress. Crushing destroys protection. 4. A nurse is providing teaching for a client who is newly diagnosed with type 2diabetes mellitus and has a prescription for glipizide. Which of the following statements by the nurse best describes the action of glipizide? a. "Glipizide absorbs the excess carbohydrates in your system." b. "Glipizide stimulates your pancreas to release insulin." c. "Glipizide replaces insulin that is not being produced by yourpancreas." d. "Glipizide prevents your liver from destroying your insulin." Rationale: Glipizide is an oral antidiabetic medication in the pharmacological classification of sulfonylurea agents. These medications help to lower blood glucose levels in clientswho have type 2 diabetes mellitus using several methods, including reducing glucose output by the liver, increasing peripheral sensitivity to insulin, and stimulating the release of insulin from the functioning beta cells of the pancreas. 5. A nurse is caring for a client who has active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and isto be started on intravenous revamping therapy. The nurse should instruct the client that this medication can cause which of the following adverse effects? a. Constipation b. Black coloured stools c. Staining of teeth d. Body secretions turning a red-orange colour Rationale: Revamping is used in combination with other medicines to treatTB. revamping will cause the urine, stool, saliva 6. A nurse is caring for a client who has congestive heart failure and is taking digoxin daily. The client refused breakfast and is complaining of nausea andweakness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a. A. Check the client's vital signs. b. Request a dietitian consult. c. Suggest that the client rests before eating the meal. d. Request an order for an antiemetic. Rationale: It is possible that the client's nausea is secondary to digoxin toxicity. Assess for bradycardia, a symptom of digoxin toxicity. The nurse should withhold the medication and call the provider if the client's heart rate is less than 60 bpm.