Bio 311C Sata Exam 3 Solved 100%

What happens when a suitable substrate binds to an enzyme? - ANSWER-The active site amino acids bond with the substrate Cyanide binds to cytochrome oxidase at a site where the substrate oxygen would normally bind. This is an example of - ANSWER-competitive inhibition an example of a catabolic reaction is - ANSWER-lactate fermentation what is an anabolic process that is endergonic and endothermic? - ANSWER-CH₄ +2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O ATP yields 7.3 kcal/mol of free energy and it is coupled with many enzyme reactions that would not otherwise happen. Which can be coupled with ATP hydrolysis to become a spontaneous reaction? A reaction with a G value of _______? - ANSWER-5 which process occurs under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions - ANSWER-glycolysis what is the key regulatory enzyme in glycolysis inhibited by the accumulation of first committed product of the Krebs cycle? - ANSWER-phosphofructokinase in this reaction NADH + Pyruvate → NAD⁺ + Lactate, Pyruvate becoming lactate, is a/an _______________ process and _______________ is the OXIDIZING or REDUCING agent. - ANSWER-reduction, NADH, REDUCING the outputs of Krebs cycle that transfer energy to the electron transport system are - ANSWER-FADH₂ and NADH the output of glycolysis include ATP, ____________, and _____________ - ANSWER-NADH and pyruvate Which poison can inhibit the generation of delta [H⁺]? - ANSWER-A chemical that would make the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to ions lack of oxygen during cellular respiration will inhibit Krebs Cycle and Acetyl CoA formation inside mitochondria, even though oxygen is not an input in such processes because under anaerobic conditions - ANSWER-Water is not formed each FADH₂ produces less ATP when compared to NADj in oxidative phosphorylation because ______________________ - ANSWER-FADH₂ gives electrons at a lower energy level to the ETC and hence makes less ATP What is not directly associated with photosystem II? - ANSWER-calvin cycle th parts of plant tissue, namely ______________ & ______________ allow transport of water and sugar respectively. - ANSWER-xylem and phloem when the phosphorylation occurs during least reactions, the pH of the thylakoid space will _______________ compared to the equilibrium state during night time - ANSWER-decrease as the protons are pumped into the thylakoid suppose a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which process? - ANSWER-synthesis of ATP when a suspension of algal cells is incubated in a flask in the presence of light and CO₂ and then transferred to the dark, the release if oxygen stops. this reaction stops when the algal suspension is placed in the dark because - ANSWER-the reaction needs light CAM plants can keep stomata closed in daytime, reducing water loss. This is possible because they ______________ A) fix CO2 into organic acids during the night by PEP carboxylase B) use photosystems I and II during day and night. C) use the enzyme phosphofructokinase, to fix CO2 more effectively D) fix CO2 into sugars in the bundle-sheath cells. E) fix CO2 into pyruvic acid in the mesophyll cells. - ANSWER-A) fix CO2 into organic acids during the night by PEP When RuBisCO enzyme was modified to reduce the binding of oxygen to minimize photorespiration, the enzyme activity to fix CO₂ to carbohydrate was also decreased. What is the possible reason for this result? - ANSWER-modified enzyme lost to the binding to both O₂ and CO₂ why is it important to reduce the chromosome numbers to half the original each time for sexual reproduction of animals? - ANSWER-when the sperm and egg cells they double the chromosome number and so we need to half the chromosome number in the gametes The homologous chromosomes separate during ____________________ and their sister chromatids separate during _____________ phase of meiosis. - ANSWER-anaphase I & anaphase II the phases of meiosis that cause the most variation in the four daughter cells are - ANSWER-prophase I & metaphase I