lOMoARcPSD|27929433
Pathophysiology Complete Notes
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Pathophysiology 1000
Unit 1.1 - Introduction
Homeostasis
The maintenance (within varying narrow limits) of the internal environment of the body.
Keeping all systems functioning within its normal boundaries.
Structure vs. Function
• Structure ( Anatomy) = the basic make up of the body.
• Function ( Physiology) = how the body parts move and work.
It is all about the terminology
Hint: Set up a list of terms and definitions in order to help you succeed in understanding
Pathophysiology – My slides have terms highlighted in Yellow
Pathophysiology
• Study of the functional(physiology) changes that occur in the body as a result of an injury,
disorder, or disease.
• Related sciences
• Pathology = study of changes to cells & tissue as a result of injury or illness
• Pathophysiology = Study of the functional changes due to a change in structure.
• Morphology = changes in cellular behaviour
• Histology = study of human tissue
• Microbiology= study of microscopic living things.
Epidemiology
“The study of disease in populations”.
Global Health
Epidemiology
Incidence vs. Prevalence
Incidence = Rate of occurrence at any given time
Prevalence = number or % that a population is affected
Morbidity vs. Mortality
Morbitity = negative outcome effecting quality of life
Mortality = effects that cause death
.
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Classification of global disease
Endemic = incidence & prevalence are predictable
Epidemic = increase in incidence
Pandemic = disease has spread across a continent
Disease vs. Pathophysiology
Disease is something that acts on the body to change or alter its basic functions.
Pathology is the study of how the “Pathogen” or “Disease” affects body functional ability.
Disease
• Impairment of cell, tissue, organ, or organ system functioning
• Communicable vs. non-communicable disease
• Understanding the mechanisms of disease aids health care providers in disease prevention
Pathogenesis
Origination(creation of) and development of illness or disease ( FROM ONSET TO END)
Eg: diabetes. It may begin long before clinical manifestations begin.
Comprised of:
Risk factors = things that make someone vulnerable to disease
Precipitating factors = triggers that promote the onset of clinical manifestations
Etiology = what causes a disease process.
Mechanism, progression, and resolution of disease
Etiology, Diagnosis and Prognosis
• Etiology = an exact cause of the disease
• Diagnosis = Labelling or summary of the findings the healthcare professional determines.
• Prognosis = prediction of how the individual will proceed through the disease process
• Syndrome = a cluster of clinical manifestations and lab values that fit a recognizable pattern. i.e.
AIDS
Terms associated with the Etiology
• Pathogen = disease causing microorganism
• Note : Sometimes the cause may be multifactorial
• Idiopathic = no known etiology or cause.
.
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• Nosocomial = caused by exposure in the healthcare environment.
• Iatrogenic = inadvertently a result of medical treatment
Clinical Manifestations
These are the signs and symptoms that tell the healthcare professional there is a pathogen or a
change in homeostasis.
NOTE: Sometimes there is a pathogen but the person remains Asymptomatic ( without any
symptoms).
Signs vs. Symptoms
Signs = observable or measurable from healthcare professional
Symptoms = subjective report from patient.
Local vs. Systemic
Local = found directly at the site of the disease
Systemic = present throughout the body
Acute vs. Chronic
Acute = begin abruptly
Chronic = last longer than 6 months and are insidious(or gradual) in nature
Remissions vs. Exacerbations
Remission = symptom free
Exacerbation = flaring of symptoms
Illness across populations
Sensitivity vs. specificity
Sensitivity - ability to accurately predict disease occurrence e.g. mammogram
Specificity – ability to be negative when disease is absent e.g. biopsy
Human Diversity
Consider how the following impact the pathogenesis of disease:
Age
Gender
Race
Ethnicity
.
Pathophysiology Complete Notes
, lOMoARcPSD|27929433
Pathophysiology 1000
Unit 1.1 - Introduction
Homeostasis
The maintenance (within varying narrow limits) of the internal environment of the body.
Keeping all systems functioning within its normal boundaries.
Structure vs. Function
• Structure ( Anatomy) = the basic make up of the body.
• Function ( Physiology) = how the body parts move and work.
It is all about the terminology
Hint: Set up a list of terms and definitions in order to help you succeed in understanding
Pathophysiology – My slides have terms highlighted in Yellow
Pathophysiology
• Study of the functional(physiology) changes that occur in the body as a result of an injury,
disorder, or disease.
• Related sciences
• Pathology = study of changes to cells & tissue as a result of injury or illness
• Pathophysiology = Study of the functional changes due to a change in structure.
• Morphology = changes in cellular behaviour
• Histology = study of human tissue
• Microbiology= study of microscopic living things.
Epidemiology
“The study of disease in populations”.
Global Health
Epidemiology
Incidence vs. Prevalence
Incidence = Rate of occurrence at any given time
Prevalence = number or % that a population is affected
Morbidity vs. Mortality
Morbitity = negative outcome effecting quality of life
Mortality = effects that cause death
.
, lOMoARcPSD|27929433
Classification of global disease
Endemic = incidence & prevalence are predictable
Epidemic = increase in incidence
Pandemic = disease has spread across a continent
Disease vs. Pathophysiology
Disease is something that acts on the body to change or alter its basic functions.
Pathology is the study of how the “Pathogen” or “Disease” affects body functional ability.
Disease
• Impairment of cell, tissue, organ, or organ system functioning
• Communicable vs. non-communicable disease
• Understanding the mechanisms of disease aids health care providers in disease prevention
Pathogenesis
Origination(creation of) and development of illness or disease ( FROM ONSET TO END)
Eg: diabetes. It may begin long before clinical manifestations begin.
Comprised of:
Risk factors = things that make someone vulnerable to disease
Precipitating factors = triggers that promote the onset of clinical manifestations
Etiology = what causes a disease process.
Mechanism, progression, and resolution of disease
Etiology, Diagnosis and Prognosis
• Etiology = an exact cause of the disease
• Diagnosis = Labelling or summary of the findings the healthcare professional determines.
• Prognosis = prediction of how the individual will proceed through the disease process
• Syndrome = a cluster of clinical manifestations and lab values that fit a recognizable pattern. i.e.
AIDS
Terms associated with the Etiology
• Pathogen = disease causing microorganism
• Note : Sometimes the cause may be multifactorial
• Idiopathic = no known etiology or cause.
.
, lOMoARcPSD|27929433
• Nosocomial = caused by exposure in the healthcare environment.
• Iatrogenic = inadvertently a result of medical treatment
Clinical Manifestations
These are the signs and symptoms that tell the healthcare professional there is a pathogen or a
change in homeostasis.
NOTE: Sometimes there is a pathogen but the person remains Asymptomatic ( without any
symptoms).
Signs vs. Symptoms
Signs = observable or measurable from healthcare professional
Symptoms = subjective report from patient.
Local vs. Systemic
Local = found directly at the site of the disease
Systemic = present throughout the body
Acute vs. Chronic
Acute = begin abruptly
Chronic = last longer than 6 months and are insidious(or gradual) in nature
Remissions vs. Exacerbations
Remission = symptom free
Exacerbation = flaring of symptoms
Illness across populations
Sensitivity vs. specificity
Sensitivity - ability to accurately predict disease occurrence e.g. mammogram
Specificity – ability to be negative when disease is absent e.g. biopsy
Human Diversity
Consider how the following impact the pathogenesis of disease:
Age
Gender
Race
Ethnicity
.
