NURS661 MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY EXAM 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION

Define and identify symptoms of dystonia - Involuntary muscle contractions that cause repetitive twisting movements. The condition can affect one part of the body- focal dystonia; two or more adjacent parts- segmental; or all parts- general dystonia. Cervical dystonia- cause head to twist and turn to one side. Eyelids- rapid blinking or involuntary spasms Jaw/tongue- slurred speech, drooling, difficulty chewing hand/forearm- repetitive activity (writers or musicians dystonia) Define and identify symptoms of aprosodia - " Neurological condition characterized by the inability of a person to properly convey or interpret emotional prasody (ranges of rhythm, pitch, stress, intonation). Differentiate between short term and long-term memory - " Short term- 30 seconds to several days " Long term- weeks, months, years " Vascular dementia and alzheimer's affect short term memory first. WHAT IS AN ILLUSION - are distortions of real images or sensations. Illusions can occur in schizophrenia patients during active phases but can also occur during the prodromal phases and during periods of remissions. WHAT IS A HALLUCINATION - any of the five senses may be affected. The most common are auditory with voices that are often threatening, obscene, accusatory, or insulting. Two or more voices may converse among themselves or a voice may comment on the patient's life or behavior. Visual hallucinations are common but tactile olfactory and gustatory hallucinations are unusual (their presence should prompt clinician to consider underlying medical or neurological disorder). WHAT IS A DELUSION? - may assume persecutory, grandiose, religious, or somatic forms. Fixed beliefs that do not change.Identify standards for determining competency - Decisional Capacity; ability to communicate a choice/ability to understand information necessary for the specific decision at hand/ ability to appreciate the implications and significance of the provided information or the choice of being made/ ability to reason by weighting the comparing options as well as consequences of the potential decision. Know basic principles of why an MRI would be an appropriate study for a dementia diagnosis (kaplan 715) - differentiate between dementia of Alzheimer's Type and vascular dementia more straightforward. Area of research is the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to detect patterns of brain metabolism in dementia types. The use of these images may soon help in clinical differential diagnosis of dementing illness.