USA Gross Anatomy Lecture Exam 1 Questions With Verified Answers

Forced flexion of the cervical spine may tear which of the vertebral ligaments between C4-6? - Answer Ligamentum nuchae, facet joint capsule and maybe the posterior longitudinal Forced flexion of the cervical spine may stretch which of the vertebral ligaments between C3-5? - Answer The same ligaments as above, as well as ligamentum flavum which may be stretched but is unlikely to tear because of its elastic composition Hyperextension of the cervical spine from C4-6 or the lumbar spine from L3-5 could tear what vertebral ligaments? - Answer Anterior longitudinal ligament (C4-6; L3-5) and iliolumbar ligaments (L3-5) An exaggerated kyphosis of the thoracic spine would stretch which of the vertebral ligaments? - Answer Supraspinous, and interspinous ligaments mainly with slight stretch of the posterior longitudinal lig. An exaggerated lordosis of the lumbar spine would stretch which of the vertebral ligaments? - Answer Anterior longitudinal ligament Where is type I collagen found? - Answer In the dermis, tendon, ligament, fibrocartilage, bone, joint capsule and fascia What cells produce collagen in tendons and ligaments? - Answer Fibroblasts What cells produce collagen in bone? - Answer Osteoblasts What cells produce collagen in skeletal muscle? - Answer Muscle cells What cells produce collagen in cartilage? - Answer Chondroblasts and chondrocytes Name 3 structures that consist of dense regular CT? - Answer 1) Tendons, 2) ligaments, 3) fascia, and 4) aponeuroses tell me about dense irregular CT - Answer contains densely packed collagen bundles arranged in various directions; there are only few fibroblasts and macrophages. limits or resists the mobility of structures in multiple directions Tell me about loose CT - Answer contains loosely arranged collagen fibers. There are many cells of many different types, especially fibroblast and cells associated with inflammation and the immune system. allows mobility of structures. What is the composition of the ligamentum flavum? - Answer It is composed of a large quantity of elastic fibers mixed with Type I collagen What is the difference between hyaline and fibrocartilage? - Answer Hyaline cartilage has fine network of Type II collagen fibers while fibrocartilage has a dense network of Type I collagen and type II What do hyaline and fibrocartilage have in common? - Answer The cell type is chondrocytes and both types of cartilage are found in joints, and both have lacuna What are the six structures that make up the lumbar facet joint? - Answer 1. Superior articular process of the inferior vertebra, 2. inferior articular process of the upper vertebra, 3. superior articular facet of the inferior vertebra, 4. inferior articular facet of the upper vertebra 5. menisci, 6. capsule Stability of the costovertebral joint is mainly attained by what ligament? - Answer Radiate ligament How are the costovertebral and costotransverse joints different? - Answer The costovertebral joint is between the head of the rib and the costal facets of two adjacent vertebrae plus the intervening intervertebral disc. The costotransverse joint is between the tubercle of the rib and the inferior aspect of the rib costal facet on the transverse process. What structures directly prevent the dens from compressing the spinal cord? - Answer the transverse ligament of the atlas, cruciform ligament, tectorial membrane, alar ligament. What ligaments resist forward slipping of the lumbar vertebrae? - Answer Anterior longitudinal What makes up the cruciform ligament? - Answer Superior longitudinal ligament, inferior longitudinal ligament, and transverse ligament of the atlas What ligaments attach to the dens? - Answer Alar ligaments and apical ligament Slackening (infolding) of what ligaments could lead to compression of the spinal cord? - Answer Ligamentum flavum and posterior longitudinal lig.