Bio 253 final Exam 195 Questions With Complete Solutions.

Bio 253 final exam Organelles are - ✔✔ Organs of the Urinary system - ✔✔kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra draw and label a kidney with the following terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvi s, renal artery, renal vein, ureter, nephron - ✔✔ functional unit of the kidney - ✔✔nephron 1 million per kidney! What parts make up the nephron? - ✔✔Renal corpuscle Renal tubule Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma) Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus) Efferent arteriole loop of henle What is the glomerulus made of? - ✔✔capillaries Function of a nephron - ✔✔filter blood and produce urine Two nephron type s - ✔✔juxtamedullary and cortical juxtamedullary nephrons - ✔✔-Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla -Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments -Important in production of concentrated urine -found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla cortica l nephrons - ✔✔-85% of all nephrons -short nephron loops -efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries around PCT and DCT How is urine made in the kidney? - ✔✔1.)Reabsorption - moving substances with tubule into the blood. 2.)filtration - occur s in the glomerulus or renal corpuscle 3.)secretion 4.)filtration driving force for filtration - ✔✔hydrostatic pressure or BP What fluid comes out of the glomerulus? - ✔✔filtrate What is filtrate? - ✔✔mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products. Glucose is normal in filtrate. -similar to blood plasma Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop - ✔✔Only water is absorbed in the descending limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in the a scending limb (no water). Status of water coming out of nephron loop? - ✔✔@ Lowest concentration (diluted) Process taking place in nephron loop? - ✔✔Countercurrent mechanism (dilutes the urine). Can also create concentrated urine from the Na+ absorbed in the ascending limb. tubular secretion - ✔✔-selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal tubules and collecting ducts -From blood to tubular -Usually in the distal tubule -K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted Hormones that regulate kidney function - ✔✔directly : ADH Aldosterone ANH indirectly : Renin (created by kidney) Angiotensin Aldosterone function - ✔✔-decreases sodium and water loss in urine by returning sodium and water to the blood Aldosterone: Target Cells - ✔✔kidneys ANH function - ✔✔Tells kidneys that blood volume is too high, so dumps out H20 and Na+ Effects of ADH - ✔✔increases reabsorption of water from urine back into plasma and therefore, decreases the volume of water that is excreted -secreted by posterior pituitary gland -when a person is dehydrated, hypothalamus makes them thirsty and retains more water because of the ADH flow of urine through kidney - ✔✔Glomerulus Bowmans Capsule Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Distal conv oluted tubule