Theories and Techniques of Counseling Exam 2023 Update

Theories and Techniques of Counseling Exam 2023 Update Types of Therapies - ANS-Psychoanalytic therapy, Adlerian therapy, Existential therapy, Person-Centered therapy, Gestalt therapy, Behavior therapy, Cognitive Behavior therapy, Reality therapy, Feminist therapy, Postmodern Approaches and Family Systems therapy. Psychoanalytic Therapy - ANS-It focuses on the unconscious, the role of transference and countertransference, and the importance of early life experiences. An important aspect is the division of the personality into the id, ego and superego; the unconscious; anxiety; the functioning of ego defense mechanisms; an understanding of transference and countertransference; a focus on the past for clues to present problems; and the development of personality at various stages of life. Healthy personality development is based on successful resolution of both psychosexual and psychosocial issues at the appropriate stages throughout the life span. Psychopathology is the result of failing to meet some critical developmental task or becoming fixated at some early level of development. The primary goal of therapy is to make the unconscious conscious. Countertransference - ANS-The therapist's unconscious emotional responses to a client that are likely to interfere with objectivity; unresolved conflicts of the therapist that are projected onto the client. Transference - ANS-the client's unconscious shifting to the therapist of feeling and fantasies, both positive and negative, that are displacements from reactions to significant others from the client's past. Psychosexual stages - ANS-The Freudian chronological phases of development, beginning in infancy. Each is characterized by a primary way of gaining sensual and sexual gratification. Psychosocial Stages - ANS-Erikson's turning points, from infancy through old age. Each presents psychological and social tasks that must be mastered if maturation is to proceed in a healthy fashion. Adlerian Therapy - ANS-Focuses on social psychology and a positive view of human nature. Views human beings as influenced more by social than by biological forces. Focuses on the person's past as perceived in the present and how his/her interpretation of early events has a continuing influence. Consciousness, not the unconscious, is the center of personality. It is based on a growth model where it emphasizes on the individual's positive capacities to live fully in society. Mainly concerned with helping clients identify and change their mistaken beliefs about self, others, and life. Work collaboratively with the clients in ways that enable them to reach their self-defined goals and assist clients in developing socially useful goals. Continues...