Counselling Theories - CBT, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Exam 2023

Counselling Theories - CBT, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Exam 2023 Core tenets of CBT - ANS-1. Collaborative client/therapist relationship. Both active. 2. Psychological distress is the result of disturbances in cognitive processes. 3. Focus: Changing thoughts to change affect and behaviour 4. Present-centered, time limited 5. Active and directive therapist stance 6. Educational treatment for specific and structured target problems. Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT) - ANS-- Stresses thinking, judging, deciding, analyzing and doing. - Cognitions, emotions, and behaviours interact significantly: have cause and effect relationship. - Skills to identify and dispute irrational beliefs and replace with rational cognitions in order to change emotional reactions. - Focus is on thinking and acting, not feeling - Therapy is education, therapist is teacher REBT Nature of Persons - ANS-- People contribute to their own psychological problems, as well as to specific symptoms, by the rigid and extreme beliefs they hold about events and situations. - People are capable of both rational and irrational thinking. - People are wired for self preservation, happiness, thinking, verbalizing, loving, communion, growth and self actualization. Also Self-destruction, avoidance, procrastination, repetition of mistakes, superstition, intolerance, perfectionism. REBT Emotional Disturbance - ANS-- Irrational beliefs are learned in childhood and recreated in adult life. - These beliefs are reinforced through auto suggestion and self-repetition - They effect behaviour - Clients are encouraged to be less reactive emotionally (sad not depressed). - Clients are encouraged let go of self-blame and accept themselves. - Clients are encouraged to let go of "shoulds" and "musts" as they cause disruptive feelings and dysfunctional behaviours. ABC Framework - ANS-A (activating agent) <<< B (belief) >>> C (emotional and behavioural consequences) ^ ^ D (Disputing interventions)>>> E (effect)>>>F (new feeling) Three D's of disputing - ANS-Detecting, Debating, and Discriminating - Detect irrational beliefs, Debate belief, and discriminate between rational and irrational thought. Cognitive Restructuring - ANS-