Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy 2023 Exam

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy 2023 Exam Psychoanalytic Therapy (Basic Philosophy) - ANS-Human beings are basically determined by psychic energy and by early experiences. Unconscious motive and conflicts are central in present behavior. Early development is of critical importance because later personality problems have their roots in repressed childhood conflicts Adlerian Therapy (Basic Philosophy) - ANS-Humans are motivated by social interest, by striving toward goals, by inferiority and superiority, and by dealing with the tasks of life. Emphasis is on the individual's positive capacities to live in society cooperatively. People have the capacity to interpret, influence, and create events. Each person at an early age creates a unique style of life, which tends to remain relatively constant throughout life Existential therapy (Basic Philosophy) - ANS-the central focus is on the nature of the human condition, which includes a capacity for self-awareness, freedom of choice to decide one's fate, responsibility, anxiety, the search for meaning, being alone and being in relation with others, striving for authenticity, and facing living and dying Person-centered therapy (Basic Philosophy) - ANS-Positive view of people; we have an inclination toward becoming fully functioning. In the context of the therapeutic relationship, the client experiences feelings that were previously denied to awareness. The client movies toward increased awareness, spontaneity, trust in self, and innerdirectedness Gestalt Therapy (Basic Philosophy) - ANS-the person strives for wholeness and integration of thinking, feeling and behaving. some key concepts include contact with self and others, contact boundaries, and awareness. The view is nondeterministic in that the person is viewed as having the capacity to recognize how earlier influences are related to present difficulties. As an experiential approach, it is grounded in the here and now and emphasizes awareness, personal choice, and responsibility Behavior Therapy (Basic Philosophy) - ANS-Behavior is the product of learning. We are both the product and the producer of the environment. Traditional XX is based on classical and operant principles. Contemporary XX has branched out in many directions, including mindfulness and acceptance approaches Cognitive Behavior Therapy (Basic Philosophy) - ANS-Individuals tend to incorporate faulty thinking, which leads to emotional behavioral disturbances. Cognitions are the major determinants of how we feel and act. Therapy is primarily oriented toward cognition and behavior, and it stresses the role of thinking, deciding, questioning, doing, and redeciding. This is a psychoeducational model, which emphasizes therapy as a learning process, including acquiring and practicing new skills, learning new ways of thinking, and acquiring more effective ways of coping with problems Continues...