Unit 4 Laboratory Techniques and Their Applications - LA C Unknown
Introduction-
I am a lab technician working at a research and development of a pharmaceutical company.
Aspirin is one of the products made by the company. In this report I am investigating how to
produce and test the purity of aspirin so the company can produce it efficiently. In this report
I will compare laboratory technique with the industrial process used by the pharmaceutical
company to manufacture aspirin on a large scale.
What is aspirin and what is it used for-
Aspirin is a salicylate anti-inflammatory medicine that comes in tablet form and is used for a
variety of purposes, including pain relief and lowering the risk of major disorders including
heart attacks and strokes.It is offered to cardiovascular patients because it has the capacity
to make blood less sticky and therefore can prevent blood clots.This is because it has
antiplatelet properties. It is, however, frequently used for short-term pain treatment, such as
headaches, toothaches, and colds.If a person has had a stroke or a heart attack, a doctor
may suggest this. Aspirin is also used by biologists to inhibit the function of white blood cells,
and by molecular biologists to activate genes. (“About aspirin for pain relief”)
Making aspirin-
Aspirin is made when ethanoic anhydride reacts with 2-hydroxybenzoic acid . The first step
is to make 2-hydroxybenzoic acid. The second step is to use ethanoic anhydride to convert
2-hydroxybenzoic acid to aspirin.
Figure 1- preparation of aspirin
(“About aspirin for pain relief”)
Filtration-
Filtration is a physical separation procedure that uses a filter material with a complex
structure through which only the fluid can pass to separate solid particles and fluid from a
mixture. (“Filtering vs Filtration”)
Part C.P5
Gravity filtration with filtration-
Filter paper with fluting. Filtration in a filter funnel with fluted paper. The rate of filtration is
accelerated by folding because the surface centre is greater. It's used to filter solid impurities
out of liquids. When rock salt is dissolved in water, it removes insoluble rock contaminants
from the solution.
Part C.P5
Gravity filtration-
Paper that hasn't been fluttered. Filtration in a filter funnel with non-fluted paper (paper folds
more easily). The rate of filtration is accelerated by folding because the surface centre is
greater.For example It's used to filter solid impurities out of liquids. Removes sand from a
sand-and-water mixture.
Part C.P5
,Unit 4 Laboratory Techniques and Their Applications - LA C Unknown
Hot filtration-
This is used with a flutter filter paper because the surface area is larger which allows for fast
filtration. This is used for filtering solutions that will crystallise when allowed to cool. It is
critical to maintain a constant temperature during filtering because contact with heated
solvent vapours might cause crystals to develop prematurely on the filter paper or in the
funnel stem.Part C.P5
Vacuum filtration-
For solvent extraction, a vacuum filtration method is used. In the process, a Buchner funnel
and filter paper were used. The vacuum is utilised to speed up and improve the filtration
process. The reduced pressure also aids in the product's drying . It removes contaminants
from liquids quickly and is only suitable for use with cold solutions. This approach can also
be used to separate recrystallized antifebrin which is a chemical used in the manufacturing
of paracetamol once it has been synthesised.
Part C.P5
Equipment list for making aspirin-
1)Salicylic (2-hydroxybenzenecarboxylic) acid
2)Spatula
3)Weighing boat
4)Weighing balance
5)Round bottom flask
6)10 cm3 measuring cylinder
7)50 cm3 measuring cylinder
8)Ethanoic anhydride
9)Concentrated sulfuric acid
10)Fume cupboard
11)400 cm3 beaker
12)200 cm3 beaker
13)Büchner funnel apparatus
14)Filter paper
15)Stirring rod
16)Distilled water
17)Spatula.
18)Hot water bath
, Unit 4 Laboratory Techniques and Their Applications - LA C Unknown
Method for making aspirin-
Part 1- (preparation)
1)Weigh approximately 6.00 grams of salicylic (2-hydroxybenzenecarboxylic) acid into a
weighing boat using a weighing balance and a spatula.
2)Record the amount of salicylic acid you used.
figure 2- measuring salicylic acid
3)From the weighing boat, fill a circular bottom flask halfway with salicylic acid.
4)Fill a 10 cm3 measuring cylinder with ethanoic anhydride inside the fume cupboard.
5)Inside the fume cupboard, fill a 10 cm3 measuring cylinder with ethanoic anhydride.
6)Using a pipette, add 5 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid into the conical flask which is in
the fume cupboard then swirl it to mix.
Introduction-
I am a lab technician working at a research and development of a pharmaceutical company.
Aspirin is one of the products made by the company. In this report I am investigating how to
produce and test the purity of aspirin so the company can produce it efficiently. In this report
I will compare laboratory technique with the industrial process used by the pharmaceutical
company to manufacture aspirin on a large scale.
What is aspirin and what is it used for-
Aspirin is a salicylate anti-inflammatory medicine that comes in tablet form and is used for a
variety of purposes, including pain relief and lowering the risk of major disorders including
heart attacks and strokes.It is offered to cardiovascular patients because it has the capacity
to make blood less sticky and therefore can prevent blood clots.This is because it has
antiplatelet properties. It is, however, frequently used for short-term pain treatment, such as
headaches, toothaches, and colds.If a person has had a stroke or a heart attack, a doctor
may suggest this. Aspirin is also used by biologists to inhibit the function of white blood cells,
and by molecular biologists to activate genes. (“About aspirin for pain relief”)
Making aspirin-
Aspirin is made when ethanoic anhydride reacts with 2-hydroxybenzoic acid . The first step
is to make 2-hydroxybenzoic acid. The second step is to use ethanoic anhydride to convert
2-hydroxybenzoic acid to aspirin.
Figure 1- preparation of aspirin
(“About aspirin for pain relief”)
Filtration-
Filtration is a physical separation procedure that uses a filter material with a complex
structure through which only the fluid can pass to separate solid particles and fluid from a
mixture. (“Filtering vs Filtration”)
Part C.P5
Gravity filtration with filtration-
Filter paper with fluting. Filtration in a filter funnel with fluted paper. The rate of filtration is
accelerated by folding because the surface centre is greater. It's used to filter solid impurities
out of liquids. When rock salt is dissolved in water, it removes insoluble rock contaminants
from the solution.
Part C.P5
Gravity filtration-
Paper that hasn't been fluttered. Filtration in a filter funnel with non-fluted paper (paper folds
more easily). The rate of filtration is accelerated by folding because the surface centre is
greater.For example It's used to filter solid impurities out of liquids. Removes sand from a
sand-and-water mixture.
Part C.P5
,Unit 4 Laboratory Techniques and Their Applications - LA C Unknown
Hot filtration-
This is used with a flutter filter paper because the surface area is larger which allows for fast
filtration. This is used for filtering solutions that will crystallise when allowed to cool. It is
critical to maintain a constant temperature during filtering because contact with heated
solvent vapours might cause crystals to develop prematurely on the filter paper or in the
funnel stem.Part C.P5
Vacuum filtration-
For solvent extraction, a vacuum filtration method is used. In the process, a Buchner funnel
and filter paper were used. The vacuum is utilised to speed up and improve the filtration
process. The reduced pressure also aids in the product's drying . It removes contaminants
from liquids quickly and is only suitable for use with cold solutions. This approach can also
be used to separate recrystallized antifebrin which is a chemical used in the manufacturing
of paracetamol once it has been synthesised.
Part C.P5
Equipment list for making aspirin-
1)Salicylic (2-hydroxybenzenecarboxylic) acid
2)Spatula
3)Weighing boat
4)Weighing balance
5)Round bottom flask
6)10 cm3 measuring cylinder
7)50 cm3 measuring cylinder
8)Ethanoic anhydride
9)Concentrated sulfuric acid
10)Fume cupboard
11)400 cm3 beaker
12)200 cm3 beaker
13)Büchner funnel apparatus
14)Filter paper
15)Stirring rod
16)Distilled water
17)Spatula.
18)Hot water bath
, Unit 4 Laboratory Techniques and Their Applications - LA C Unknown
Method for making aspirin-
Part 1- (preparation)
1)Weigh approximately 6.00 grams of salicylic (2-hydroxybenzenecarboxylic) acid into a
weighing boat using a weighing balance and a spatula.
2)Record the amount of salicylic acid you used.
figure 2- measuring salicylic acid
3)From the weighing boat, fill a circular bottom flask halfway with salicylic acid.
4)Fill a 10 cm3 measuring cylinder with ethanoic anhydride inside the fume cupboard.
5)Inside the fume cupboard, fill a 10 cm3 measuring cylinder with ethanoic anhydride.
6)Using a pipette, add 5 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid into the conical flask which is in
the fume cupboard then swirl it to mix.
