AQA Sociology - Education (Paper 1) exams

Restricted Code - Primarily working class. Limited vocab. Based on short, unfinished, grammatically simple sentences. Speech is predictable. May only use single word or gestures. Descriptive not analytic. Speaker assumes listener shares same experiences. Elaborated Code - Primarily middle class. Wide vocab, grammatically complex sentences. Varied speech communicating abstract ideas. Speaker makes no assumptions so spell out meanings explicitly. Douglas (1964) - Working class parents place less value on education. Less ambition for children, less encouragement, rarely/not visiting schools. As a result, WC children have less motivation and lower achievement. Feinstein (2008) - Parents education affects children's achievement. Educated MC parents have a more disciplined, high expectancy parenting style, are more aware of what is needed for progress, and can use income to promote success (e.g. private tutoring). Uneducated WC parents have harsh, inconsistent parenting style, less understanding of