Nursing 328 Final Exam Questions
With Complete Solutions
Why do external reproductive structures enlarge during
pregnancy? correct answer: D/t increased vascularity.
Nipples enlarge, become more erectile and darken. Breasts are
fuller and heavier. As blood vessels enlarge, veins beneath the
skin of the breasts become more visible.
Cervix softens, takes on bluish colour during second month due
to increased vasculature as well
What does estrogen and progesterone cause? correct answer:
The uterus to lengthen and enlarge
What organ produces estrogen and progesterone until the
placenta is formed and functioning? correct answer: The corpus
luteum
What is leukorrhea? correct answer: White, thick, odourless and
acidic vaginal secretions which increase. The acidity helps
prevent bacterial infections but can increase yeast infections
What hormones does the placenta secrete? correct answer: hCG,
hPL, relaxin and prostaglandins,
progesterone and estrogen
What does hPL stand for? correct answer: human placental
lactogen but AKA human chorionic somatomammotropin
,What does hPL do? correct answer: Promotes fat breakdown,
providing the pt with an alternative source of energy so that
glucose is available for fetal growth.
What other hormones have an impact on the action of insulin?
correct answer: Estrogen
Progesterone
Cortisol
hPL
resulting in increased insulin need throughout pregnancy
What do prostaglandins do during pregnancy? correct answer:
Affect smooth muscle contractility to such an extent that they
may trigger labour at pregnancy's term
What can high levels of estrogen and progesterone do in relation
to the pituitary gland? correct answer: stop the pituitary gland
from producing follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing
hormone. Increased production of growth hormone and
melanocyte-stimulating hormone causes skin pigment changes
How is the thyroid gland affected during pregnancy? correct
answer: the thyroid gland's production of thyroxin binding
protein increases causing total thyroxine (T4) levels to rise. Bc
of the amount of unbound T4 doesn't increase, these thyroid
changes don't cause hyperthyroidism; however, they increase
BMR, CO, HR, vasodilation and heat intolerance.
, How much does BMR increase during the second and third
trimesters? correct answer: 20% as the growing fetus places
additional demands for energy.
Does the adrenal gland change during pregnancy? correct
answer: Yes, it increases production of corticosteroid and
aldosterone increases which increases fluid retention in case of
PPH and to have a larger circulating blood volume to get
nutrients to fetus.
What does the pancreas do in response to additional
glucocorticoids being produced? correct answer: Increases
insulin production
How is the resp system changed during pregnancy? correct
answer: Diaphragm rises, preventing lungs from fully
expanding so it compensates by increasing its outward
expansion. We have more thoracic breathing
How is the diaphragm able to expand outwards? correct answer:
The progesterone relaxes ligaments that join the rib cage
What effect can increased estrogen have on the resp system?
correct answer: Can lead to increased vascularity of upper resp
tract. As a result, the pt may develop resp congestion, voice
changes and epistaxis as capillaries become engorged in the
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and vocal cords.
How much more air do you breath in during pregnancy? correct
answer: 30-40%
With Complete Solutions
Why do external reproductive structures enlarge during
pregnancy? correct answer: D/t increased vascularity.
Nipples enlarge, become more erectile and darken. Breasts are
fuller and heavier. As blood vessels enlarge, veins beneath the
skin of the breasts become more visible.
Cervix softens, takes on bluish colour during second month due
to increased vasculature as well
What does estrogen and progesterone cause? correct answer:
The uterus to lengthen and enlarge
What organ produces estrogen and progesterone until the
placenta is formed and functioning? correct answer: The corpus
luteum
What is leukorrhea? correct answer: White, thick, odourless and
acidic vaginal secretions which increase. The acidity helps
prevent bacterial infections but can increase yeast infections
What hormones does the placenta secrete? correct answer: hCG,
hPL, relaxin and prostaglandins,
progesterone and estrogen
What does hPL stand for? correct answer: human placental
lactogen but AKA human chorionic somatomammotropin
,What does hPL do? correct answer: Promotes fat breakdown,
providing the pt with an alternative source of energy so that
glucose is available for fetal growth.
What other hormones have an impact on the action of insulin?
correct answer: Estrogen
Progesterone
Cortisol
hPL
resulting in increased insulin need throughout pregnancy
What do prostaglandins do during pregnancy? correct answer:
Affect smooth muscle contractility to such an extent that they
may trigger labour at pregnancy's term
What can high levels of estrogen and progesterone do in relation
to the pituitary gland? correct answer: stop the pituitary gland
from producing follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing
hormone. Increased production of growth hormone and
melanocyte-stimulating hormone causes skin pigment changes
How is the thyroid gland affected during pregnancy? correct
answer: the thyroid gland's production of thyroxin binding
protein increases causing total thyroxine (T4) levels to rise. Bc
of the amount of unbound T4 doesn't increase, these thyroid
changes don't cause hyperthyroidism; however, they increase
BMR, CO, HR, vasodilation and heat intolerance.
, How much does BMR increase during the second and third
trimesters? correct answer: 20% as the growing fetus places
additional demands for energy.
Does the adrenal gland change during pregnancy? correct
answer: Yes, it increases production of corticosteroid and
aldosterone increases which increases fluid retention in case of
PPH and to have a larger circulating blood volume to get
nutrients to fetus.
What does the pancreas do in response to additional
glucocorticoids being produced? correct answer: Increases
insulin production
How is the resp system changed during pregnancy? correct
answer: Diaphragm rises, preventing lungs from fully
expanding so it compensates by increasing its outward
expansion. We have more thoracic breathing
How is the diaphragm able to expand outwards? correct answer:
The progesterone relaxes ligaments that join the rib cage
What effect can increased estrogen have on the resp system?
correct answer: Can lead to increased vascularity of upper resp
tract. As a result, the pt may develop resp congestion, voice
changes and epistaxis as capillaries become engorged in the
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and vocal cords.
How much more air do you breath in during pregnancy? correct
answer: 30-40%
