Policing- Exam 1 2022/23 Graded A+

Early Police - ANSWER--Policing- maintaining order and dealing with lawbreakers= Private matter in early societies dealt with by the citizens themselves -Modern-style policing departments didn't appear until the 14th century in France and 19th century in England. -1st law enforcement professionals were unpaid magistrates (judges) who were appointed by the citizens of Athens around the 16th century bce. they adjudicated cases- private citizens arrested and punished offenders -Rome 5th century bce- elected magistrates and first specialized investigative unit (questers)- "trackers of murder" -Most societies townspeople group to form a watch at the town boarders to protect town. First century bce- roman emperor Augustus forms praetorian guard- highly qualified members of the military (first police officers) to protect emperor and palace. -Also established Praefectus Urbi (urban cohert) to use executive and judicial power to protect city and the vigils of Rome- firefighters given law enforcement responsibilities, patrolling Rome's streets. First civil police forced designed to protect citizens (vigilance/vigilante). -1st century CE- Rome. Officials called lictors were appointed to serve as bodyguards for the magistrates; bring criminals before them and carry out the magistrates' punishments. -12th and 13th centuries- kinds in Europe assumed responsibility for administration of law; appointed officials to replace the watch and other private forms of defense. -Louis IX appointed a provost to enforce the law and supervise the night watch. -1356- France created a mounted military patrol (the marechausee to maintain peace on the highways. -18th century- Paris and Munich had armed, professional police to keep cities safe. English Policing: Our Heritage Early History - ANSWER--Sir Robert Peel- credited for establishing the first English police department. (London Metropolitan Police, 1829) -1,000 years earlier- Alfred the Great prepared his kingdom for an impending danish invasion Wanted to maintain stability and protection. -Established Mutual Pledge (societal control by citizens group together to protect each other) -Mutual pledge organized the responsibility for the security of the country into several levels. -Tithings- Lowest level- 10 families grouped together to protect one another. -10 tithings- next level (100 families) under the charge of a constable (1st form of English police officer) responsible for dealing w/ serious breaches of laws. -Shiner- groups of hundreds within a specific geographic area (country) under control of kind and governed by shire-reeve or sheriff. -People supposed to police their own communities through mutual pledge system. -Hue + cry= yell for help when trouble a rised -1285 CE- Statute of Winchester established a rudimentary CJ system in which most of the responsibility for law enforcement remained with the people themselves. -Watch and ward, hue and cry, the parish constable, and requirement