BIO UNIT 5: CELLS, ATP AND LIPIDS STUDY GUIDE.

BIO UNIT 5: CELLS, ATP AND LIPIDS STUDY GUIDE. bPART 1: CELLULAR ENERGY (ATP, CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS) MCAS HS-LS1-5. Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis uses light energy to transform water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and chemical energy stored in the bonds of sugars and other carbohydrates. HS-LS1-7. Use a model to illustrate that aerobic cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and new bonds form, resulting in new compounds and a net transfer of energy. The model should include the role of ATP for energy transfer in this process. Food molecules include sugars (carbohydrates), fats (lipids), and proteins. Essential Questions 1. Why do cells require energy? Cells require energy because they need to do specific things. Some of these things include transporting molecules and delivering glucose to the bloodstream. 2. How do cells obtain the required energy needed for life? Cells obtain the required energy needed for life by using photosynthesis or cellular respiration. 3. What is the role of photosynthesis & cellular respiration in storing and releasing energy? Photosynthesis- The process by which plants make glucose and oxygen are called photosynthesis. The Carbon and water molecules get stored in the plant as energy. Cellular respiration-The process by which plants use glucose and oxygen to make CO2 and H2O. 4. How is the energy released and stored in macromolecules? Energy is released and stored by covalent chemical bonds. 5. What kind of biological macromolecules provide cells with energy and how are these molecules different? Carbohydrates provide energy to the cells. These cells are different because they are part of the 4 major groups of macromolecules. Key Topics Energy and Life Carbohydrates & Lipids A. Energy and Life 1. Explain where plants and animals get energy (Heterotrophs and Autotrophs) Autotrophs- Autotrophs are plants that use the energy from the sun to make glucose. Although some plants went use vents from the bottom of the ocean to make energy. Heterotrophs- Heterotrophs are animals that eat plants for their energy. 2. Describe the role of ATP in cellular activities. ATP is made in cellular respiration. ATP is used as energy to fuel the Electron Transport Chain. 3. Identify the components that make up ADP and ATP. What changes ADP into ATP is the addition of 1 phosphate. 4. Explain how ATP stores and releases energy. The ATP removes one of its phosphates. That phosphate is now full of energy and ready to do work for the cell. 5. Give examples of cellular activities that use the energy released by ATP? ATP is used for cellular activities that use ATP are Ion transport, and the electron transport chain. 6. Identify the cellular process that is responsible for generating ATP. The process that is responsible for generating ATP is electron transport. B. Carbohydrates & Lipids 1. Identify the elements that make up carbohydrates. The elements that makeup carbohydrates are hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon 2. Recognize carbohydrates from their chemical formula. Carbon-CO2 Oxygen-O2 Hydrogen-H2.