SCIN138 WEEK 8 Final Exam Questions and Answers - Latest Update (100% GRADED)

Which best explains the processes at the mid-oceanic ridge? A. Plates diverge creating new crust B. Plates converge destroying old crust C. Plates diverge destroying old crust D. Plates converge creating new crust E. Plates slide past each other destroying old crust Question 2 of 50 Refer to the image of a meandering stream shown here. At which site along the stream would stream erosion be the most active? A. D and B 2/18 2.0/ 2.0 Points 2.0/ 2.0 Points 2.0/ 2.0 Points B. A and C C. B and C D. C and D E. A and E Question 3 of 50 In the scientific method, a hypothesis is _______, and a theory is _________. A. an educated guess ; a law that has been universally accepted by the scientific community B. a tentative untested explanation ; well tested and widely accepted explanation C. an educated guess ; a tentative untested explanation D. a tentative untested explanation ; a law that has been universally accepted by the scientific community E. an objective observation ; an idea that hasn’t been proven Feedback: 01.1 Question 4 of 50 In the rock cycle, what processes directly link igneous rocks to metamorphic rocks? A. compaction and cementation B. melting and crystallization C. weathering and erosion D. recrystallization by high heat and pressure E. deposition and lithification Question 5 of 50 The primary basis for classifying detrital (clastic) rocks is _______, whereas the primary basis for classifying chemical rocks is ________. A. crystalline structure ; sorting B. particle shape ; trace elements 3/18 2.0/ 2.0 Points 2.0/ 2.0 Points 2.0/ 2.0 Points C. sorting ; density D. particle size ; mineral composition E. rock type ; rounding Question 6 of 50 Where is the top of the asthenosphere closest to the earth’s surface? A. In the center of continental plates (craton) B. Underneath a collision zone C. Next to a subduction zone D. Underneath a transform fault E. Underneath a mid-ocean ridge Question 7 of 50 In terms of groundwater resources, what properties make the best aquifer? A. Low porosity and high permeability B. High porosity and high permeability C. Low porosity and low permeability D. High porosity and no permeability E. High porosity and low permeability Question 8 of 50 The Precambrian Era is the time before abundant multicellular life with hard parts evolved. This time interval represents what percentage of earth’s history? A. 12% B. 1% C. 88% D. 50% 4/18 2.0/ 2.0 Points 2.0/ 2.0 Points E. 99% Question 9 of 50 The map below shows continental land as green and brown, the depth of the ocean floor in blue, and tectonic plate boundaries as colored lines. Evaluate this geologic evidence to determine which location would most likely require adequate tsunami preparedness. A. A B. C C. D D. B Question 10 of 50 Which of the following is the most significant natural cause of climate change in the last 2 million years? A. Photosynthesis B. Volcanic eruptions C. Burning of fossil fuels D. Milankovitch cycles 5/18 2.0/ 2.0 Points 2.0/ 2.0 Points E. Solar flares Question 11 of 50 Which type of faulting is most dangerous in Utah? A. Strike-slip B. Normal C. Thrust D. Transform E. Reverse Question 12 of 50 Applying the principles of relative age-dating to the diagram, which of the following is TRUE. Explanation of the diagram: "A" represents an unconformity (erosional surface), "B" is a basaltic dike, "C" is a shale formation, "D" is a sandstone formation, "E" is a limestone formation, "F" represents a thrust fault. 6/18 2.0/ 2.0 Points A. B is OLDER than F B. E is OLDER than B C. D is YOUNGER than C D. A is YOUNGER than C E. F is YOUNGER than A Question 13 of 50 The number one factor causing landslides is (are) _____. A. freeze-thaw cycles B. precipitation C. volcanic eruptions D. earthquakes E. glaciation 7/18 2.0/ 2.0 Points 2.0/ 2.0 Points 2.0/ 2.0 Points 2.0/ 2.0 Points Question 14 of 50 Where do we generally find the most quantity of explosive volcanic eruptions? A. Subduction zone boundary B. Transform plate boundary C. Ocean island hotspots D. Mid-oceanic ridges E. Divergent plate boundary Question 15 of 50 Folds like anticlines and synclines are most associated with _______. A. Volcanism B. Tectonic shear C. Tectonic extension D. Erosion E. Tectonic compression Question 16 of 50 What evidence did Alfred Wegener use for his hypothesis of continental drift? A. earthquake patterns and GPS measurements B. paleomagnetic patterns on either side of the mid-oceanic ridge C. mid-oceanic ridges and the age marine rocks D. similar rocks and fossils on distant continents E. trenches and subduction zones Question 17 of 50 Scientific conclusions are based on _____________. 8/18 0.0/ 2.0 Points 2.0/ 2.0 Points 2.0/ 2.0 Points A. only quantitative data B. subjective evidence and ancient books C. public consensus D. polling of experts E. objective evidence and experiments Feedback: 01.2 Question 18 of 50 Where would you expect both shallow and deep earthquakes in which the deeper earthquakes are located farther inland? A. At a transform boundary along the San Andreas fault in California. B. At a divergent plate boundary in the middle of a continental plate such as Africa’s Great Rift Valley. C. At a divergent plate boundary in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. D. At a convergent plate boundary such as along the west coast of South America. E. At a transform plate boundary anywhere in the world. Question 19 of 50 Which of the following surficial processes results in the most poorly sorted sediments? A. rivers B. glaciers C. wind D. deep marine E. ocean waves Question 20 of 50 What information is needed to determine the distance from the epicenter of an earthquake to a seismic receiving station? 9/18 2.0/ 2.0 Points 2.0/ 2.0 Points 2.0/ 2.0 Points A. The difference between the amplitude of the seismic waves B. The time interval between the P and S waves C. The transverse nature of the s-wave D. The amplitude of the seismic waves on a seismogram E. The magnitude of the earthquake Question 21 of 50 A coarse-grained (phaneritic texture) igneous rock formed _________________. A. by immense direct pressure and heat B. due to erosion, frost wedging, and weathering C. on the surface of the earth in a quiet (effusive) eruption D. on the surface of the earth in an explosive eruption E. deep under the surface of the earth Question 22 of 50 James Hutton’s statement that “the present is the key to the past” (uniformitarianism) is demonstrated by ________. A. the fact that our human ancestors hunted dinosaurs for millennia B. gravity being a recent phenomenon and not changing metamorphic rocks in the past C. the volcano that erupted last year on August 15 will occur every 10 years on that date D. the Earth’s landscapes are fixed and have not changed E. ancient sedimentary rocks formed by similar processes as are observed today Feedback: 01.3 Question 23 of 50 Shield volcanoes consist of _________. A. A combination of granitic lava and pyroclastic material with some rhyolite. 10/18 2.0/ 2.0 Points 2.0/ 2.0 Points 2.0/ 2.0 Points B. Mostly low viscosity basalt flows with a lower silica content. C. Explosive pyroclastic material and low viscosity lava flows. D. Alternating layers of silica-rich rocks and intrusive igneous rocks such as basalt. E. Alternating layers of cinders and ash embedded in silica-rich lava flows. Question 24 of 50 Pyroclastic flows are more associated with __________. A. ocean hot spots B. cinder cones C. shield volcanoes D. flood basalts E. stratovolcanoes Question 25 of 50 When going from a magnitude 5 to a magnitude 6 earthquake on the Richter magnitude scale, what is the increase in seismic wave amplitude?