Biochemistry with correct answers

Biochemistry Matter - correct answer Anything that has mass and/or takes up space (volume) Element - correct answer A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions Molecule - correct answer Any combination of atoms Compound - correct answer Two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio Atom - correct answer Smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element Atomic Number - correct answer Number of protons Mass Number - correct answer Number of protons plus neutrons Atomic Weight - correct answer 1 mole of a sustance = atomic weight in grams Isotope - correct answer Atom with an abnormal number of neutrons Proton - correct answer Positively charged subatomic particle Neutron - correct answer Subatomic particle with no charge Electron - correct answer Negatively charged subatomic particle Valence Electron - correct answer Outermost electrons in an atom Covalent Bond - correct answer Sharing of electrons (Two non-metals) Ionic Bond - correct answer Electrostatic attraction of positive and negative ions (Metal and Non-metal) Valence shell - correct answer An atom's outermost electron shell Polar Covalent Bond - correct answer Unequal sharing of electrons due to difference in electronegativity Cation - correct answer Positively charged ion Anion - correct answer Negatively charged ion Hydrogen bond - correct answer Hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atoms is attracted to another electronegative atom Reactants - correct answer Starting materials in a reaction Products - correct answer Ending materials in a reaction Cohesion - correct answer Two or more molecules of the same substance held together by hydrogen bonds Adhesion - correct answer Two or more molecules of different substances held together by hydrogen bonds Surface tension - correct answer Measure of how difficult it is to stretch/break the surface of a liquid Specific heat - correct answer Amount of heat absorbed to change the temperature by 1 degree C for 1 g of a substance Heat of vaporization - correct answer Quantity of heat required to turn liquid to gas Evaporative cooling - correct answer As liquid evaporates surface cools since molecules left behind have less kinetic energy Solute - correct answer The substance that dissolves Solvent - correct answer The dissolving agent in a solution Hydrophobic - correct answer Water fearing (will NOT mix with water) Hydrophilic - correct answer Water fearing (mixes with water) Temperature - correct answer Measure of heat energy as average kinetic energy Insulation - correct answer Water is less dense as a solid, freezing creates protective barrier Acid - correct answer Substance that increases [H+] Base - correct answer Substance that decreases [H+] Buffer - correct answer Substance that minimizes changes in [H+] or [OH-] in a solution Structural Isomer - correct answer Diiference in the covalent arragnement of atoms Enantiomers - correct answer Mirror image isomers (like your left and right hand) Monomer - correct answer Building block (repeating units) Polymer - correct answer Long molecule consisting of many repeating units linked by covalent bonds Dehydration reaction - correct answer Monomers are joined together and a water molecule is lost Enzymes - correct answer Special macromolecules that speed up reactions in cells Hydrolysis - correct answer Polymers are disassembled and a water molecule is used Carbohydate - correct answer Includes both sugars and polymers of sugars Polysaccharides - correct answer Polymers with hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides Starch - correct answer Sugar storage molecule for plants, made of glucose monomers (Alpha linked) Glycogen - correct answer Sugar storage molecule for animals, made of glucose monomers (Alpha linked), extensively branched Cellulose - correct answer Major component of plant cell walls, made of glucose monomers (Beta linked), never branched Fat - correct answer Made of glycerol and fatty acids Triglyceride - correct answer Three fatty acids linked to one glycerol Saturated fat - correct answer No double bonds in fatty acid chain, solid at room temperature Unsaturated fat - correct answer Double bonds in fatty acid chain, liquid at room temperature