McCance & Huether: Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in
Adults and Children, 5th Edition
Test Bank
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
TRUE/FALSE
1. Eukaryotic cells are characterized by a lack of a distinct nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells have
intracellular compartments bordered by membranes and a well-defined nucleus.
ANS: F REF: p. 1
2. Lipids and proteins are the major components of the plasma membrane.
ANS: T REF: p. 10
3. Lysosomes remain fully active by maintaining an acid pH created by pumping hydrogen ions into
their interiors.
ANS: T REF: p. 7
4. The primary functions of the cell nucleus are cell division and control of genetic information.
ANS: T REF: p. 2
5. The chief function of ribosomes is to provide sites for lipid synthesis.
ANS: F REF: p. 4
6. If cells are deprived of communication from extracellular chemical messengers, most cells
experience apoptosis.
ANS: T REF: p. 19
7. The function of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is to store energy in molecules of carbohydrates,
proteins and lipids, but not to transfer energy from one molecule to another.
ANS: F REF: p. 22
8. Diffusion is an example of active transport.
ANS: F REF: p. 25
9. Phagocytosis is an example of exocytosis.
, ANS: F REF: p. 30
10. All body cells are electrically polarized with the inside of the cell being more negatively charged
than the outside.
ANS: T REF: p. 31
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
A Cells can produce proteins.
.
B Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
.
C Cells can take in and use nutrients.
.
D Cells can synthesize fats.
.
ANS: C REF: p. 2
2. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
A Lysosomes
.
B Peroxisome
.
C Ribosomes
.
D Oxyhydrosomes
.
ANS: B REF: p. 7-8
3. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
A Ribosome
.
B Golgi complex
.
C Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
.
D Lysosomes
.
, ANS: D REF: p. 6
4. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas cells
from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
A The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
. ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell
membrane.
B The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
. lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in a encapsulated membrane to the cell
membrane.
C The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
. ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
D The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
. Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
ANS: A REF: p. 6; p. 7; Caption of Fig 1-5, p. 7
5. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors,
transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
A Lipids
.
B Proteolytic cascade
.
C Proteins
.
D Carbohydrates
.
ANS: C REF: p. 12
6. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades such as caspase-mediated apoptosis and
complement cascade may be useful in designing drug therapy for which human diseases?
A Cardiac and vascular disorders
.
B Autoimmune and malignant disorders
.
C Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
.
D Endocrine disorders
.
ANS: B REF: p. 12
7. What prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane?
, A Carbohydrate chains
.
B Glycoprotein channels
.
C Membrane channel proteins
.
D Phospholipid bilayer
.
ANS: D REF: p. 11; Fig 1-13
8. Using the fluid mosaic model, how is the cell capable of actively protecting itself against
injurious agents?
A By closing down the membrane transport channels to hormones and chemicals.
.
B By altering the number and patterns of receptors to bacteria, antibodies, and che-
. micals.
C By increasing the number and sensitivity of lysosomes to destroy bacteria.
.
D By shifting the bilayer from hydrophobic to hydrophilic in response to antibodies.
.
ANS: B REF: p. 14
9. In cirrhosis, how does cholesterol alter the fluidity of the plasma membrane of erythrocytes?
A Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its
. ability to carry oxygen.
B Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which reduces its
. ability to carry hemoglobin.
C Cholesterol increases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which allows bin-
. ding of excess glucose.
D Cholesterol increases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which prolongs it
. life span beyond 120 days.
ANS: A REF: p. 14
10. Which form of cell communication is used to communicate within the cell itself and with other
cells in direct physical contact?
A Protein channel (gap junction)
.
B Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules (involving receptors)
.
C Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters
Adults and Children, 5th Edition
Test Bank
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
TRUE/FALSE
1. Eukaryotic cells are characterized by a lack of a distinct nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells have
intracellular compartments bordered by membranes and a well-defined nucleus.
ANS: F REF: p. 1
2. Lipids and proteins are the major components of the plasma membrane.
ANS: T REF: p. 10
3. Lysosomes remain fully active by maintaining an acid pH created by pumping hydrogen ions into
their interiors.
ANS: T REF: p. 7
4. The primary functions of the cell nucleus are cell division and control of genetic information.
ANS: T REF: p. 2
5. The chief function of ribosomes is to provide sites for lipid synthesis.
ANS: F REF: p. 4
6. If cells are deprived of communication from extracellular chemical messengers, most cells
experience apoptosis.
ANS: T REF: p. 19
7. The function of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is to store energy in molecules of carbohydrates,
proteins and lipids, but not to transfer energy from one molecule to another.
ANS: F REF: p. 22
8. Diffusion is an example of active transport.
ANS: F REF: p. 25
9. Phagocytosis is an example of exocytosis.
, ANS: F REF: p. 30
10. All body cells are electrically polarized with the inside of the cell being more negatively charged
than the outside.
ANS: T REF: p. 31
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
A Cells can produce proteins.
.
B Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
.
C Cells can take in and use nutrients.
.
D Cells can synthesize fats.
.
ANS: C REF: p. 2
2. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
A Lysosomes
.
B Peroxisome
.
C Ribosomes
.
D Oxyhydrosomes
.
ANS: B REF: p. 7-8
3. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
A Ribosome
.
B Golgi complex
.
C Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
.
D Lysosomes
.
, ANS: D REF: p. 6
4. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas cells
from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
A The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
. ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell
membrane.
B The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
. lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in a encapsulated membrane to the cell
membrane.
C The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
. ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
D The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
. Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
ANS: A REF: p. 6; p. 7; Caption of Fig 1-5, p. 7
5. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors,
transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
A Lipids
.
B Proteolytic cascade
.
C Proteins
.
D Carbohydrates
.
ANS: C REF: p. 12
6. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades such as caspase-mediated apoptosis and
complement cascade may be useful in designing drug therapy for which human diseases?
A Cardiac and vascular disorders
.
B Autoimmune and malignant disorders
.
C Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
.
D Endocrine disorders
.
ANS: B REF: p. 12
7. What prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane?
, A Carbohydrate chains
.
B Glycoprotein channels
.
C Membrane channel proteins
.
D Phospholipid bilayer
.
ANS: D REF: p. 11; Fig 1-13
8. Using the fluid mosaic model, how is the cell capable of actively protecting itself against
injurious agents?
A By closing down the membrane transport channels to hormones and chemicals.
.
B By altering the number and patterns of receptors to bacteria, antibodies, and che-
. micals.
C By increasing the number and sensitivity of lysosomes to destroy bacteria.
.
D By shifting the bilayer from hydrophobic to hydrophilic in response to antibodies.
.
ANS: B REF: p. 14
9. In cirrhosis, how does cholesterol alter the fluidity of the plasma membrane of erythrocytes?
A Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its
. ability to carry oxygen.
B Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which reduces its
. ability to carry hemoglobin.
C Cholesterol increases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which allows bin-
. ding of excess glucose.
D Cholesterol increases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which prolongs it
. life span beyond 120 days.
ANS: A REF: p. 14
10. Which form of cell communication is used to communicate within the cell itself and with other
cells in direct physical contact?
A Protein channel (gap junction)
.
B Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules (involving receptors)
.
C Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters
