Test Bank Anatomy & Physiology The Unity of Form and Function 9th Edition Saladin

Test Bank Anatomy & Physiology The Unity of Form and Function 9th Edition Saladin 24. Decompression sickness (DCS) is a condition in which gases dissolved in the blood or in other body tissues are no longer dissolved following a reduction in pressure on the body. This condition affects ………. (A) Underwater divers (B) Pilots (C) Mountaineers (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium Page 20 25. The most common symptom of DCS is ………….. . (A) Pain in the joints (B) Headache (C) Vision disturbances (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium Page 20 26. The brain triggers the thyroid gland in the endocrine system to release thyroid hormone, which ……… metabolic activity and heat production in cells throughout the body. (A) Increases (B) Decreases(C) Remains constant (D) None of above Ans A Diff Hard Page 21 27. Childbirth and the body’s response to blood loss are two examples of ................... Loops that are normal but are activated only when needed. (A) Positive feedback (B) Negative feedback (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 22 28 ............. position describes a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body (A) Proximal (B) Distal (C) Medial (D) Lateral Ans A Diff Hard Page 25 29. A plane is ................. surface that passes through the body. (A) Two dimensional (B) Three dimensional (C) Imaginary two dimensional (D) Imaginary three dimensional Ans C Diff Hard 30. The ............ is the largest cavity in the body (A) Abdominopelvic cavity (B) Thoracic cavity (C) Cranial cavity (D) Spinal cavity Ans A 2. The Chemical Level of Organization 1. Human chemistry includes …….. . (A) Organic molecules (B) Elements (C) Biochemical (D) All of above P age 25 Diff Hard Page 27Ans D Diff Easy Page 42 2. In glucose, there are always six carbon and six oxygen units for every ......... hydrogen units. (A) Three (B) Six (C) Twelve (D) Eighteen Ans C Diff Medium Page 43 3. The percentage of potassium in human body is …………. (A) 0.2 (B) 0.3 (C) 0.4 (D) 0.5 Ans C Diff Medium Page 43 4. Uranium (U), is referred to as a heavy metal and it contains............. neutrons (A) 238 (B) 92 (C) 146 (D) 240 Ans C Diff Medium 5. The number of protons and neutrons …………. (A) May be equal for some elements (B) Are equal for all elements (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 44 Page 45 6. An isotope is one of the different forms of an element, distinguished from one another by different numbers of …………. . (A) Electrons (B) Protons (C) Neutrons (D) All of above Ans C Diff Easy Page 46 7. Excessive exposure to radioactive isotopes can cause ………….. . (A) Damage of human cells (B) Birth defects (C) Cancer(D) All of above Ans D Diff Hard Page 46 8. If you take a look at the periodic table of the elements, you will notice that hydrogen and helium are placed alone on either sides of the top row; they are the only elements that have ……….. . (A) One electron shells (B) Two electron shells (C) Three electron shells (D) Four electron shells Ans A Diff Medium Page 47 9. The most common example of .............. in the natural world occurs between molecules of water (A) Ionic bonding (B) Covalent bonding (C) Hydrogen bonding (D) All of above Ans C Diff Hard Page 53 10 ................ is the energy of position, or the energy matter possesses because of the positioning or structure of its components. (A) Kinetic energy (B) Chemical energy (C) Potential energy (D) None of above Ans C Diff Easy Page 54 11. The full spectrum of ............. is referred to as the electromagnetic spectrum. (A) Radiant energy (B) Electrical energy (C) Mechanical energy (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 55 12. An exchange reaction is a chemical reaction in which both synthesis and decomposition occur, chemical bonds are both formed and broken, and chemical energy is ……….. . (A) Absorbed (B) Stored (C) Released (D) All of above Ans D Diff Hard Page 56 13. The most important catalysts in the human body are ……….. . (A) Enzymes(B) Proteins (C) Lipids (D) Carbohydrates Ans A Diff Easy Page 57 14. An inorganic compound is a substance that does not contain …………. (A) Carbon (B) Hydrogen (C) Both of above (D) None of the above Ans C Diff Medium Page 58 15. In the bloodstream of humans, glucose concentration is usually measured in milligram (mg) per deciliter (dL), and in a healthy adult averages about ……… (A) 10 mg/dL (B) 100 mg/d (C) 1000 mg/dL (D) None of above Ans B Diff Hard 16. A buffer is a solution of a …………………. (A) Weak acid and its conjugate base (B) Strong acid and its conjugate base (C) Weak base and its conjugate acid (D) Strong base and its conjugate acid Ans A Page 59 Diff Hard Page 63 16. Which of the following can cause respiratory alkalosis? (A) Lung disease (B) Aspirin overdose (C) Shock (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium Page 64 17. Which of the following functional groups is involved in dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions? (A) Carboxylic group (B) Hydroxyl group (C) Methyl group (D) Phosphate group Ans B Diff Hard Page 65 18. A triglyceride is one of the most common dietary ............. , and the type found most abundantly inbody tissues (A) Lipid groups (B) Carbohydrate groups (C) Carbohydrate groups (D) All of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 69 19 .............. are compounds in which the hydrophobic triglycerides are packaged in protein envelopes for transport in body fluids. (A) Glycolipids (B) Fatty acids (C) Lipoproteins (D) All of above Ans C Diff Hard Page 70 20. One reason that the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish are beneficial is that they stimulate the production of certain ........... that help regulate aspects of blood pressure and inflammation, and thereby reduce the risk for heart disease (A) Prostaglandins (B) Sterols (C) Phospholipids (D) All of above Ans A Diff Hard Page 71 21. Proteins include the keratin in the epidermis of skin that protects ……………. (A) Collagen (B) Underlying tissues (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C Diff Medium Page 72 22. If a particular essential amino acid is not available in sufficient quantities in the amino acid pool, however, synthesis of proteins containing it can ………… . (A) Slow (B) Cease (C) Increase (D) A and B Ans D Diff hard Page 73 23. In protein shapes, the most common secondary structure is a spiral called ………. (A) An alpha-helix(B) Beta-pelated sheet (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C Diff Hard 24. A nucleotide is one of a class of organic compounds composed of …………. (A) One or more phosphate groups (B) A pentose sugar (C) A nitrogen containing base (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium Page 74 Page 76 25. A ............. is a nitrogen-containing molecule with a double ring structure, which accommodates several nitrogen atoms. (A) Purine (B) Pyrimidine (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans A Diff Easy Page 76 26. Humans have almost .......... genes in their DNA, locked up in the 46 chromosomes inside the nucleus of each cell (except red blood cells which lose their nuclei during development). (A) 10000 (B) 12000 (C) 20000 (D) 22000 Ans D Diff Medium Page 77 27. The nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is composed of ……….. . (A) Ribose sugar (B) An adenine base (C) Three phosphate groups (D) All of above Ans D Diff Hard 28. ATP is classified as a ………………. (A) High energy compound (B) Low energy compound (C) Medium energy compound (D) None of above Ans A Page 77 Diff Medium Page 7729. Which of the following bases is found in RNA only? (A) Cytosine (B) Thymine (C) Uracil (D) All of above Ans C Diff Hard 30. Any given enzyme catalyzes ……………. . (A) One type of reaction (B) Two types of reactions (C) Three types of reactions (D) Multiple type reactions Ans A Page 76 Diff Medium Page 75 3. The Cellular Level of Organization 1. Primary responsibility of each cell is to contribute to ………. . (A) Homeostasis (B) Reproduction (C) Sustainability (D) Protection Ans A Diff Easy Page 88 2. An amphipathic molecule is one that contains ……….. . (A) Hydrophilic region (B) Hydrophobic region (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C Diff Easy Page 88 3. The phospholipid bilayer consists of two adjacent sheets of phospholipids, arranged ………. (A) Tail to tail (B) Head to tail (C) Head to head (D) Head to tail Ans A Diff Easy Page 89 4is the movement of substances across the membrane without the expenditure of cellular energy. (A) Passive transport (B) Active transport(C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans A Diff Easy Page 91 5is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration (A) Active transport (B) Passive transport (C) Diffusion (D) Concentration gradient Ans C Diff Medium Page 91 6. Facilitated diffusion of substances crossing the cell (plasma) membrane takes place with the help of ……………. . (A) Channel proteins (B) Carrier proteins (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C Diff Medium Page 92 7 ................ brings fluid containing dissolved substances into a cell through membrane vesicles. (A) Endocytosis (B) Phagocytosis (C) Pinocytosis (D) All of above Ans C Diff Medium Page 95 8. Cells of the stomach and pancreas produce and secrete digestive enzymes through ……….. . (A) Endocytosis (B) Exocytosis (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans B Diff Medium Page 95 9. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease well known for its damage to the …….. . (A) Lungs (B) Liver (C) Pancreas (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium Page 95 10. Which of the following is organelle of the endomembrane system? (A) Endoplasmic reticulum(B) Golgi apparatus (C) Vesicles (D) All of above Ans D Diff Hard Page 98 11. One of the main functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is in the synthesis of ……….. . (A) Lipids (B) Proteins (C) Carbohydrates (D) All of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 99 12. Which of the following organelles is the “energy transformer” of the cell. (A) Cell membrane (B) Mitochondria (C) Nucleus (D) Endoplasmic reticulum Ans B Diff Hard 13. Peroxisomes perform a function of ………………. (A) Lipid metabolism (B) Chemical detoxification (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C Diff Medium Page 101 Page 102 14. Due to their ………………………………., ROS can set off chain reactions where they remove electrons from other molecules, which then become oxidized and reactive, and do the same to other molecules, causing a chain reaction (A) Characteristic paired electrons (B) Characteristics unpaired electrons (C) Characteristic free radicals (D) All of above Ans A Diff Hard Page 101 15. Which of the following versions of free radical theory is more widely accepted? (A) Aging process itself is a result of oxidative damage (B) Oxidative damage causes age related diseases (C) Both of above (D) None of aboveAns B Diff Hard 16. The cytoskeleton consists of …………. . (A) Microtubules (B) Microfilaments (C) Intermediate filaments (D) All of above Ans D Page 103 Diff Medium Page 104 17. The .......... is a region of the nucleus that is responsible for manufacturing the RNA necessary for construction of ribosomes. (A) Nucleolus (B) Nuclear envelop (C) Nuclei (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 105 18. In the step of .......... Of DNA replication, each strand becomes a template along which a new complementary strand is built. (A) Initiation (B) Elongation (C) Termination (D) All of above Ans B Diff Hard Page 109 19. One of the most important classes of proteins is ............ , which help speed up necessary biochemical reactions that take place inside the cell (A) Enzymes (B) Lipoproteins (C) Lysozyme (D) Oligosaccharides Ans A Diff Medium Page 110 20. Gene expression begins with the process called …………. (A) Transcription (B) Initiation (C) Elongation (D) Termination Ans A Diff Hard Page 111 21 is a type of RNA that, together with proteins, composes the structure of the ribosome (A) rRNA (B) mRNA(C) tRNA (D) all of above Ans A Diff Medium 22 is the period of the cell cycle during which the cell is not dividing (A) Interphase (B) Mitosis (C) Cytokinesis (D) None of above Ans A Page 113 Diff Medium Page 116 23. A ........... is a point in the cell cycle at which the cycle can be signaled to move forward or stopped (A) Checkpoint (B) Cyclin (C) Cyclindependent kinase (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 119 24. The process of cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final …………. . (A) Morphology (B) Physiology (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C Diff Easy Page 121 25. A pluripotent stem cell is one that has the potential to differentiate into any type of human tissue but cannot support the full development of an organism (A) Pluripotent (B) Oligopotent (C) Unipotent (D) None of above Ans A Diff Hard P age 121 26. Breakdown of cells by their own enzymatic action is called ………. . (A) Autolysis (B) Cell cycle (C) Anticodon (D) Autophagy Ans A Diff Medium Page 126 27 ........... is one of the coding regions of an mRNA molecule that remain after splicing (A) Codon(B) Exon (C) Anticodon (D) Chromatin Ans B Diff Hard 28. G2 phase is the .......... phase of the cell cycle, after the DNA synthesis phase (A) First (B) Second (C) Third (D) Fourth Ans C P age 127 Diff Medium Page 127 29 is the fluid in the small spaces between cells not contained within blood vessels (A) Interstitial fluid (B) Intracellular fluid (C) Intron (D) None of above Ans A Diff Hard Page 128 30 is the diffusion of water molecules down their concentration gradient across a selectively permeable membrane. (A) Osmosis (B) Mitosis (C) Pinocytosis (D) Phagocytosis Ans A 4. The Tissue Level of Organization 1. The body contains at least ...........distinct cell types (A) 100 (B) 200 (C) 300 (D) 400 Ans B Diff Medium Diff Medium Page 129 Page 135 2 .............. , refers to the sheets of cells that cover exterior surfaces of the body, lines internal cavities and passageways, and forms certain glands (A) Epithelial tissues (B) Connective tissues (C) Nervous tissues (D) All of aboveAns A Diff Hard Page 136 3. Synovial membranes surround the joints of the ………. (A) Shoulder (B) Elbow (C) Knee (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium Page 139 4. Epithelial tissues provide the body’s first line of protection from ............... wear and tear (A) Physical (B) Chemical (C) Biological (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium Page 141 5. Epithelial tissues are classified according to the ……….. . (A) Shape of the cells (B) Number of the cells (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C Diff Easy 6. Squamous cell nuclei tend to be …………. . (A) Flat (B) Horizontal (C) Elliptical (D) All of above Ans D Diff Hard Page 143 Page 143 7 ............... is a type of epithelium that appears to be stratified but instead consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and differently sized columnar cells (A) Pseudo stratified epithelium (B) Simple columnar epithelium (C) Goblet cells epithelium (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 144 8. Which of the following is examples of endocrine glands? (A) Anterior pituitary (B) Thymus(C) Adrenal cortex (D) All of above Ans D Diff Hard Page 147 9. Breast milk is an example of ………. (A) Endocrine glands (B) Exocrine glands (C) Glandular structures (D) None of above Ans B Diff Hard Page 147 10. Exocrine glands can be classified by their ……….. . (A) Mode of secretion (B) Nature of substances released (C) Structure of the glands (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium Page 148 11. The process of ............... involves the rupture and destruction of the entire gland cell. (A) Holocrine secretion (B) Apocrine secretion (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans A Diff Easy Page 149 12. Bone and cartilage are examples of ........... that provide structure and strength to the body (A) Dense connective tissues (B) Loose connective tissues (C) Supportive connective tissues (D) None of above Ans C Diff Medium Page 151 13 .............. are fixed cells, which means they remain within the connective tissue (A) Fibrocytes (B) Adipocytes (C) Mesenchymal cells (D) All of above Ans D Diff Easy Page 151 14. The brown adipocytes store lipids as many droplets, and have ............ metabolic activity (A) High(B) Low (C) Moderate (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 152 15 contains the protein elastin along with lesser amounts of other proteins and glycoproteins (A) Elastic fiber (B) Collagen fiber (C) Reticular fiber (D) All of above Ans A Diff Easy Page 152 16 is most abundant and it can appear yellow and owes its color to carotene and related pigments from plant food (A) White adipose tissue (B) Brown adipose tissue (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 153 17. The dermis of the skin is an example of ……………. (A) Dense irregular connective tissues (B) Dense regular connective tissues (C) Loose irregular connective tissues (D) Loose regular connective tissues Ans A Diff Hard Page 154 18. Persons whose jobs and hobbies involve performing the same movements over and over again are often at the greatest risk of …………. (A) Tendinitis (B) Rickets (C) Arthritis (D) All of above Ans A Diff Hard Page 156 19. ……….. , is the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers and contains large amounts of proteoglycans (A) Hyaline cartilage (B) Fibrocartilage (C) Elastic cartilage (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 15720. Menisci in the knee joint and the intervertebral discs are examples of ……….. (A) Fibrocartilage (B) Hyaline cartilage (C) Elastic cartilage (D) None of above Ans A Diff Hard 21. Bone is the ………….. . (A) Hardest connective tissue (B) Highly vascularized tissue (C) Short recovering tissues (D) All of above Ans D Page 157 Diff Hard Page 158 22 ............ , are responsible for defending against potentially harmful microorganisms or molecules. (A) Erythrocytes (B) Leukocytes (C) Platelets (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium 23. Which of the following is fluid connective tissues? (A) Blood (B) Lymph (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C Diff Easy Page 159 Page 159 24. The contraction of your pupil in bright Light is an example of ............. movement (A) Voluntary (B) Involuntary (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans B Diff Medium Page 160 25 ............... tissue contraction is responsible for involuntary movements in the internal organs (A) Skeletal muscle (B) Smooth muscle (C) Cardiac muscle (D) All of above Ans B Diff Medium Page 16826. The cell body of a neuron, also called the soma, contains the …………. . (A) Nucleus (B) Mitochondria (C) Golgi bodies (D) A and B Ans D Diff Hard Page 162 27 ............... produce myelin in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) (A) Oligodendrocyte cells (B) Schwann cells (C) Astrocytes (D) All of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 163 28. is programmed cell death, a normal step-by-step process that destroys cells no longer needed by the body? (A) Inflammation (B) Apoptosis (C) Necrosis (D) None of above Ans B Diff Hard Page 164 29. Which of the following is hallmark of cancer? (A) Uncontrolled growth (B) Colonization of other organs (C) Invasion into adjacent tissues (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium Page 167 30 .............. is a star-shaped cell in the central nervous system that regulates ions and uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters and contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier (A) Astrocyte (B) Apical (C) Atrophy (D) Areolar Ans A Diff Hard Page 170 5. The Integumentary System1. In the adult human body, the skin makes up about .............. of body weight (A) 6 % (B) 16 % (C) 26% (D) 36 % Ans B Diff Medium Page 180 2. Dermal papillae .......... the strength of the connection between the epidermis and dermis (A) Increases (B) Decreases (C) Neutralizes (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 182 3. The stratum lucidum is a smooth, seemingly translucent layer of the epidermis (A) Stratum lucidum (B) Stratum granulosum (C) Stratum coneum (D) None of above Ans A Diff Easy Page 185 4. The .................. is a layer directly below the dermis and serves to connect the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles (A) Hypodermis (B) Reticular layer (C) Papillary layer (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 186 5. Eumelanin exists as ................ , whereas pheomelanin provides a red color (A) Black (B) Brown (C) Green (D) A and B Ans D Diff Easy Page 188 6. Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of ……….. . (A) Skin (B) Hair (C) Eyes (D) All of aboveAns D Diff Medium Page 190 7. Which of the following is not accessory structure of the skin? (A) Hair (B) Nails (C) Sweat glands (D) None of above Ans D Diff Hard Page 192 8. The medulla forms the central core of the hair, which is surrounded by the ………. (A) Cortex (B) Cuticle (C) Follicle (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 192 9. The hair follicle is made of multiple layers of cells that form from basal cells in the …………. (A) Hair matrix (B) Hair root (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C Diff Hard Page 193 10. The catagen phase of hair growth lasts only ............ , and marks a transition from the hair follicle’s active growth (A) 1 to 2 weeks (B) 2 to 3 weeks (C) 3 to 4 weeks (D) 4 to 5 weeks Ans B Diff Medium Page 194 11. The nail fold that meets the proximal end of the nail body forms the .............. , also called the eponychium. (A) Nail body (B) Nail tip (C) Nail bed (D) Nail cuticle Ans D Diff Easy Page 194 12 is type of gland that produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation (A) Eccrine glands (B) Sweat glands (C) Sudoriferous glands(D) None of above Ans A Diff Easy Page 195 13 are a primary component of thermoregulation in humans and thus help to maintain homeostasis. (A) Eccrine glands (B) Sweat glands (C) Sudoriferous glands (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 195 14. A ............. is a type of oil gland that is found all over the body and helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair (A) Sebaceous gland (B) Eccrine gland (C) Sweat gland (D) Sudoferous gland Ans A Diff Medium Page 196 15. The fatty acids of sebum also have antibacterial properties, and prevent water loss from the skin in …………… environments (A) Low humidity (B) High humidity (C) Moderate humidity (D) All of above Ans A Diff High Page 196 16. Which of the following danger is associated with tattoo or body piercing? (A) Allergic reactions (B) Skin infections (C) Blood borne diseases (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium Page 197 17. A person with tattoos should be cautious when having a ……………. (A) MRI (B) CT Scan (C) ECG (D) All of above Ans A Diff Hard Page 197 18. The skin acts as a sense organ because the ............. contain specialized sensory nerve structures that detect touch, surface temperature, and pain(A) Dermis (B) Hypodermis (C) Epidermis (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium Page 197 19. During strenuous physical activities, such as skiing or running, the dermal blood vessels ............ and sweat secretion increases (A) Dilate (B) Contract (C) Enlarge (D) None of above Ans A Diff Easy Page 199 20. The epidermal layer of human skin synthesizes ........... when exposed to UV radiation (A) Vitamin B (B) Vitamin C (C) Vitamin D (D) All of above Ans C Diff Medium Page 200 21. The absence of sun exposure can lead to a lack of vitamin D in the body, leading to a condition called ……………. , a painful condition in children where the bones are misshapen due to a lack of calcium, causing bowleggedness (A) Rickets (B) Osteomalacia (C) Hypercalcimia (D) Hypocalcaemia Ans A Diff Hard Page 200 22. In addition to its essential role in bone health, vitamin D is essential for general immunity against ……………. Infections (A) Bacterial (B) Viral (C) Fungal (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium Page 201 23 ................. Involves the clogging of pores, which can lead to infection and inflammation, and is often seen in adolescents (A) Eczema (B) Acne (C) Impetigo(D) Scabies Ans B Diff Hard Page 203 24 ............. may be accompanied by swelling of the skin, flaking, and in severe cases, bleeding (A) Eczema (B) Acne (C) Impetigo (D) Scabies Ans A Diff Hard 25. The sebum, when oxidized by exposure to air, turns …………. (A) Black (B) Red (C) White (D) Blue Ans A Diff Hard Page 202 P age 203 26. Acne is a result of over-productive sebaceous glands, which leads to ……………. (A) Formation of blackheads (B) Inflammation of skin (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C Diff Medium Page 204 27. Which of the followings is a popular among patients, hoping to reduce the appearance of skin aging? (A) Botox injection (B) Laser treatment (C) Filler injections (D) All of above Ans D Diff Hard 28. A burn results when the skin is damaged by ………. . (A) Intense heat (B) Radiation Page 204 (C) Electricity (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium 29. A ............ goes deeper and affects both the epidermis and a portion of the dermis (A) A first degree burn Page 205(B) A second degree burn (C) A third degree burn (D) A fourth degree burn Ans B Diff Hard Page 205 30. When you wear shoes that do not fit well and are a constant source of abrasion on your toes, you tend to form a ........... at the point of contact (A) Stretch mark (B) Corn (C) Callus (D) All of above Ans D Diff Medium Page 206 6. Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System 1. A well-preserved fossil skeleton can give us a good sense of the .............. of an organism (A) Size (B) Shape (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C Diff Medium Page 214 2. Which of the following critical function is not related to skeletal system for the human body? (A) Supports the body (B) Facilitates movement (C) Protects external organs (D) Produces blood cells Ans C Diff Medium Page 214 3 ............... often appear in preteens as the result of poor posture, abnormal growth, or indeterminate causes (A) Spinal curvatures (B) Lateral curvatures (C) Axial curvatures (D) All of above Ans D Diff Easy Page 217 4. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are all produced in the red marrow (A) Red marrow (B) Yellow marrow (C) Both of above(D) None of above Ans C Diff Medium Page 218 5. The ............ are found in the carpals of the wrists and the tarsals of the ankles of human skeleton. (A) Short bones (B) Long bones (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C Diff Hard Page 219 6. A short bone is one that is ...........in shape, being approximately equal in length, width, and thickness. (A) Cubical (B) Hexagonal (C) Rhombohedra (D) None of above Ans D Diff Medium 7. Which of the following is not an example of flat bones? (A) Cranial Page 219 (B) Scapula (C) Sternum (D) Patellae Ans D Diff Hard Page 220 8. Many facial bones, particularly the ones containing sinuses, are classified as ……………. (A) Sesamoid bones (B) Irregular bones (C) Flat bones (D) None of above Ans D Diff Medium Page 220 9. The .......... is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone (A) Diaphysis (B) Epiphysis (C) Medullary cavity (D) Compact bone Ans A Diff Hard Page 221 10. The ................. contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that nourish compact bone (A) Endosteum (B) Periosteum (C) Metaphysis(D) Epiphyseal plate Ans B Diff Hard 11 ..................... is the attachment points for tendons and ligaments (A) Articulation (B) Projection (C) Hole (D) None of above Ans B Diff Medium 12. The surface features of bones depend on their ……………. Page 221 Page 222 (A) Function (B) Location (C) Attachment of ligaments and tendons (D) All of above Ans D Diff Hard Page 224 13 ............... maintain the mineral concentration of the matrix via the secretion of enzymes. (A) Osteocytes (B) Osteoblast (C) Lacuna (D) Canaliculus Ans A Diff Hard Page 225 14. Compact bone is dense so that it can withstand ................ , while spongy (cancellous) bone has open spaces and supports shifts in weight distribution. (A) Tensile forces (B) Compressive forces (C) Shear forces (D) All of above Ans B Diff Hard Page 226 15. Paget’s disease usually occurs in adults over age …………. (A) 20 (B) 30 (C) 40 (D) 50 Ans C Diff Medium Page 229 16. Bisphosphonates, drugs that ........... the activity of osteoclasts, are often used in the treatment of Paget’s disease. However, in a(A) Decrease (B) Increase (C) Maintain (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 229 17. During fetal development, a framework is laid down that determines where bones will form, which is a flexible, semi-solid matrix produced by chondroblasts and consists of ………. (A) Hydrochloric acid (B) Chondroitin sulphate (C) Collagen fibers (D) All of above Ans D Diff Hard Page 231 18. The reserve zone is the region closest to the epiphyseal end of the plate and contains small chondrocytes within the matrix (A) Reserve zone (B) Reverse zone (C) Central zone (D) Peripheral zone Ans A Diff Medium Page 234 19. The process in which matrix is resorbed on one surface of a bone and deposited on another is known as ……………. . (A) Bone modeling (B) Bone remodeling (C) Bone fracture (D) Bone repair Ans A 20. Frequent and multiple fractures typically lead to …………. . (A) Bone deformities (B) long stature (C) Bowing of long bones (D) Curvature of the spine Ans A Diff Medium Page 236 Diff Medium Page 237 21 .............. requires surgery to expose the fracture and reset the bone (A) Open reduction (B) Closed reduction(C) Open fracture (D) Closed fracture Ans A Diff Medium 22. Fractures are classified by their ……………. . (A) Complexity (B) Location (C) Other features (D) All of above Ans D Page 237 Diff Medium Page 238 23. The disruption of blood flow to the bone results in the ............ of bone cells around the fracture. (A) Injury (B) Death (C) Distortion (D) All of above Ans D Diff Easy Page 240 24. During long space missions, astronauts can lose approximately ................ of their bone mass per month (A) 1 to 2 % (B) 2 to 3 % (C) 4 to 5 % (D) 5 to 6 % Ans A Difficulty Hard Page 241 25. Numerous, controlled studies have demonstrated that people who exercise regularly have ………. bone density than those who are more sedentary (A) Greater (B) Smaller (C) Equal (D) None of above Ans A Difficulty Medium 26. Which of the following is not a sources of calcium? (A) Nuts (B) Beans (C) Seeds (D) None of above Ans D 27. Green leafy vegetables are a good source of ……….. . Page 241 Diff Hard Page 241(A) Vitamin C (B) Vitamin D (C) Vitamin K (D) None of above Ans C Diff Medium Page 242 28. Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, is produced by the kidneys and stimulates the absorption of ……………… from the digestive tract (A) Calcium (B) Phosphate (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans C 29. The normal level of calcium in the blood is about ………. . (A) 10 mg/dL (B) 15 mg/dL (C) 20 mg/dL (D) 25 mg/dL Ans A Diff Hard Page 243 Diff Hard 30. Cells of the parathyroid gland have plasma membrane receptors for ………. . Page 245 (A) Calcium (B) Potassium (C) Phosphorus (D) Nitrogen Ans A Diff Medium Page 246 7. Axial Skeleton 1. The ---------- forms the vertical, central axis of the body and includes all bones of the head, neck, chest, and back. (A) Axial skeleton (B) The Appendicular Skeleton (C) Both above (D) None of above Ans A Diff Easy Page 256 2. The --------------- includes all bones of the upper and lower limbs, plus the bones that attach each limb to the axial skeleton. (A) Axial skeleton (B) Appendicular skeleton(C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans B Diff Easy Page 257 3. There are ----- bones in the appendicular skeleton of an adult. (A) 130 (B) 135 (C) 126 (D) 120 Ans C Diff Easy 4. In the adult, the skull consists of ------- individual bones. Page 257 (A) 25 (B) 27 (C) 20 (D) 22 Ans A Diff Easy Page 258 5. The interior space that is almost completely occupied by the brain is called the ----------- --. (A) Cranial cavity (B) Nasal cavity (C) Facial cavity (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 260 6. The ----------- forms most of the upper lateral side of the skull. (A) Temporal bone (B) Parietal bone (C) Both above (D) None of above Ans B Diff Medium 7. The ----------- forms the lower lateral side of the skull. (A) Parietal bone (B) Temporal bone (C) Both above (D) None of above Ans B Diff Medium Page 261 Page 261 8. The ----------- is a zigzag shaped tunnel that provides passage through the base of the skull for one of the major arteries that supplies the brain. (A) Carotid canal(B) Stylomastoid foramen (C) Mandibular fossa (D) Styli process Ans A Diff Hard 9. The ----------- is the single bone that forms the forehead. (A) Frontal bone (B) Back bone (C) Side bone (D) None of above Ans A Diff Easy Page 262 Page 263 10. The occipital bone is the single bone that forms the posterior skull and posterior base of the ------ --. (A) Cranial cavity. (B) Nasal cavity (C) Facial cavity (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium 11. The sphenoid bone is a single, complex bone of the central skull. (A) Back (B) Front (C) Side (D) central Ans D Diff Easy Page 264 Page 264 12. The ethmoid bone is a single, midline bone that forms the roof and lateral walls of the upper ---- ---. (A) Cranial cavity (B) Nasal cavity (C) Facial cavity (D) None of above Ans B Diff medium Page 265 13. A suture is --------- joint between adjacent bones of the skull. (A) Immobile (B) Mobile (C) Both above (D) None of aboveAns A Diff Medium 14. The suture lines seen on the top of the skull are the ---------- --. (A) Coronal (B) Sagittal (C) Both above (D) None of above Ans C Diff easy 15. Each tooth is anchored into a deep socket called an ------- --. (A) Alveolus (B) Maxilla (C) Both of above (D) None of above Ans A Diff Medium Page 266 Page 267 Page 268 16. The ---------- bone is one of a pair of irregularly shaped bones that contribute small areas to the lateral walls of the nasal cavity and the medial wall of each orbit. (A) Facial (B) Nasal (C) Palatine