Ch01
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. We depend on geologists for the raw materials we need for survival.
True False
2. Most deaths associated with volcanic eruptions are due to burns of lava flows.
True False
3. A tsunami has a small wave height, travels rapidly, and is not noticed by people in boats.
True False
4. While the reserves of petroleum hydrocarbons within the United States are limited, other geologic
resources (iron, aluminum, copper, and tin) are available in great abundance.
True False
5. Geology uses the scientific method to explain natural aspects of the Earth.
True False
6. Deeply buried rock that is hot and under pressure can deform like taffy or putty.
True False
7. Ocean - ocean plate convergence formed major mountain belts such as the Andes and Cascades.
True False
8. The mantle is the most voluminous of Earth's three major concentric zones.
True False
9. Earth's lithosphere is made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and crust.
True False
10. Understanding geology can help us lessen or prevent damage to the environment.
True False
11. Most convergent plate boundaries coincide with the crests of submarine mountain ranges called mid-
oceanic ridges.
True False
12. Plate tectonics regards the lithosphere as divided into segments (plates) that are in horizontal motion.
True False
13. A transform plate boundary occurs where two plates converge.
True False
14. Convergent boundaries, due to their geometry, are the sites of the largest earthquakes on Earth.
True False
15. After the opening of the North Slope in Alaska the U.S. stopped importing petroleum.
True False
16. The North American Plate is all on one plate.
True False
17. Rocks formed at high temperatures and under high pressure deep within the Earth and pushed upward by
tectonic force are stable in their new environment.
True False
,18. Rocks brought to the earth's surface by internal processes are worn down, and eroded by surficial
processes.
True False
19. The Earth is about 4.6 billion years old.
True False
20. The Earth can be considered as interrelated systems or spheres.
True False
21. The Earth's system that includes the oceans, rivers, lakes, and glaciers of the world is called the _______.
A. biosphere
B. hydrosphere
C. atmosphere
D. geosphere
E. solid Earth
22. The _____ and the Alpine Fault of New Zealand are examples of transform plate boundaries.
A. New Madrid Fault of Arkansas
B. Choctaw Fault of Oklahoma
C. San Andreas Fault of California
D. East African Rift
E. Rio Grande Rift
23. A ______ is a huge ocean wave usually caused by a displacement of the sea floor and commonly
associated with massive earthquakes.
A. S-wave
B. tidal wave
C. tsunami
D. seiche
E. breaker
24. A ___ is a hot, turbulent mixture of expanding gases and volcanic ash that flows rapidly down the side of
a volcano.
A. pyroclastic cloud
B. mud flow
C. lava flow
D. pyroclastic flow
E. hyaloclastic flow
25. Eruptive activity at the summit of the Nevada del Ruiz volcano in Colombia in 1985 caused snow and ice
to melt, generating a ___ that killed 23,000 people in the village of Armero.
A. gas cloud
B. mud flow
C. lava flow
D. pyroclastic flow
E. hyaloclastic flow
26. To understand geology one must understand how the solid Earth interacts with water, air, and living
organisms. For this reason, it is useful to think of Earth as being part of a ____.
A. hydrosphere
B. system
C. trend
D. group
E. formation
,27. Among other things, geologists are employed as __.
A. petroleum geologists
B. environmental geologists
C. marine geologists
D. hydrogeologists
E. All of the answers are correct.
28. Rock deep within the Earth is _____ and ______.
A. hot; heat flows inward toward Earth's center.
B. cool; heat flows in toward Earth's center
C. hot; heat flows out toward Earth's surface
D. the same temperature throughout the earth; heat flow is not an important consideration
E. unknown; we can only guess about conditions there
29. Earth's external heat engine is driven by __.
A. solar power
B. residual cosmic radiation from the Big Bang
C. the decay of radioactive isotopes
D. tides
E. meteor impacts
30. ___ refer(s) to the scientific study of Earth.
A. Hydrology
B. Geology
C. Spheres
31. The Earth's interior heat engine works because hot buoyant material deep within the Earth _______ while
cold denser material _______.
A. moves upward; moves downward
B. contracts and sinks; expands and rises
C. contracts and rises; expands and sinks
D. expand and sinks; contract and rises
32. The _______ is the most voluminous of the Earth's three major concentric zones.
A. core
B. mantle
C. lithosphere
D. asthenosphere
E. crust
33. Listed from Earth's center outward, the three concentric zones of Earth are the __.
A. crust, mantle, core
B. mantle, crust, core
C. core, crust, mantle
D. mantle, core, crust
E. core, mantle, crust
34. A _____ is a scientific concept that has been tested and is in all likelihood true.
A. concept
B. hypothesis
C. theory
D. scenario
E. belief
, 35. _______ are geological forces generated inside the Earth.
A. Surficial forces
B. Electrochemical forces
C. Tectonic forces
D. Inertial
E. Celestial
36. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, floods, and tsunamis are all examples of:
A. earth-altering processes.
B. earth hazards.
C. geologic resources.
D. geospheric processes.
E. geologic hazards
37. The _______ collectively make up the lithosphere.
A. the crust and the whole mantle
B. the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle
C. the crust and asthenosphere
D. the upper and lower mantle
E. the asthenosphere and the upper mantle
38. The ____ is soft and therefore flows more readily than the underlying mantle.
A. crust
B. asthenosphere
C. lithosphere
D. core
E. plate
39. A hypothesis that passes repeated tests ultimately becomes __.
A. a guess
B. an observation of a phenomenon
C. a first, tentative idea to explain a phenomenon
D. a theory
E. a proven law of nature
40. After data have been analyzed, tentative explanations or solutions called _____ may be proposed.
A. a guess
B. an observation of a phenomenon
C. hypotheses
D. a concept that has been tested reproducibly and is likely to be true
E. a proven law of nature
41. Plate tectonics is a unifying idea that helps explain where and why there are ___ on Earth.
A. earthquakes
B. volcanoes
C. mountain belts
D. oceanic ridges and trenches
E. All of the answers are correct.
42. The two major types of crust are oceanic crust and __.
A. continental crust
B. lithosphere
C. convergent crust
D. thin crust
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. We depend on geologists for the raw materials we need for survival.
True False
2. Most deaths associated with volcanic eruptions are due to burns of lava flows.
True False
3. A tsunami has a small wave height, travels rapidly, and is not noticed by people in boats.
True False
4. While the reserves of petroleum hydrocarbons within the United States are limited, other geologic
resources (iron, aluminum, copper, and tin) are available in great abundance.
True False
5. Geology uses the scientific method to explain natural aspects of the Earth.
True False
6. Deeply buried rock that is hot and under pressure can deform like taffy or putty.
True False
7. Ocean - ocean plate convergence formed major mountain belts such as the Andes and Cascades.
True False
8. The mantle is the most voluminous of Earth's three major concentric zones.
True False
9. Earth's lithosphere is made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and crust.
True False
10. Understanding geology can help us lessen or prevent damage to the environment.
True False
11. Most convergent plate boundaries coincide with the crests of submarine mountain ranges called mid-
oceanic ridges.
True False
12. Plate tectonics regards the lithosphere as divided into segments (plates) that are in horizontal motion.
True False
13. A transform plate boundary occurs where two plates converge.
True False
14. Convergent boundaries, due to their geometry, are the sites of the largest earthquakes on Earth.
True False
15. After the opening of the North Slope in Alaska the U.S. stopped importing petroleum.
True False
16. The North American Plate is all on one plate.
True False
17. Rocks formed at high temperatures and under high pressure deep within the Earth and pushed upward by
tectonic force are stable in their new environment.
True False
,18. Rocks brought to the earth's surface by internal processes are worn down, and eroded by surficial
processes.
True False
19. The Earth is about 4.6 billion years old.
True False
20. The Earth can be considered as interrelated systems or spheres.
True False
21. The Earth's system that includes the oceans, rivers, lakes, and glaciers of the world is called the _______.
A. biosphere
B. hydrosphere
C. atmosphere
D. geosphere
E. solid Earth
22. The _____ and the Alpine Fault of New Zealand are examples of transform plate boundaries.
A. New Madrid Fault of Arkansas
B. Choctaw Fault of Oklahoma
C. San Andreas Fault of California
D. East African Rift
E. Rio Grande Rift
23. A ______ is a huge ocean wave usually caused by a displacement of the sea floor and commonly
associated with massive earthquakes.
A. S-wave
B. tidal wave
C. tsunami
D. seiche
E. breaker
24. A ___ is a hot, turbulent mixture of expanding gases and volcanic ash that flows rapidly down the side of
a volcano.
A. pyroclastic cloud
B. mud flow
C. lava flow
D. pyroclastic flow
E. hyaloclastic flow
25. Eruptive activity at the summit of the Nevada del Ruiz volcano in Colombia in 1985 caused snow and ice
to melt, generating a ___ that killed 23,000 people in the village of Armero.
A. gas cloud
B. mud flow
C. lava flow
D. pyroclastic flow
E. hyaloclastic flow
26. To understand geology one must understand how the solid Earth interacts with water, air, and living
organisms. For this reason, it is useful to think of Earth as being part of a ____.
A. hydrosphere
B. system
C. trend
D. group
E. formation
,27. Among other things, geologists are employed as __.
A. petroleum geologists
B. environmental geologists
C. marine geologists
D. hydrogeologists
E. All of the answers are correct.
28. Rock deep within the Earth is _____ and ______.
A. hot; heat flows inward toward Earth's center.
B. cool; heat flows in toward Earth's center
C. hot; heat flows out toward Earth's surface
D. the same temperature throughout the earth; heat flow is not an important consideration
E. unknown; we can only guess about conditions there
29. Earth's external heat engine is driven by __.
A. solar power
B. residual cosmic radiation from the Big Bang
C. the decay of radioactive isotopes
D. tides
E. meteor impacts
30. ___ refer(s) to the scientific study of Earth.
A. Hydrology
B. Geology
C. Spheres
31. The Earth's interior heat engine works because hot buoyant material deep within the Earth _______ while
cold denser material _______.
A. moves upward; moves downward
B. contracts and sinks; expands and rises
C. contracts and rises; expands and sinks
D. expand and sinks; contract and rises
32. The _______ is the most voluminous of the Earth's three major concentric zones.
A. core
B. mantle
C. lithosphere
D. asthenosphere
E. crust
33. Listed from Earth's center outward, the three concentric zones of Earth are the __.
A. crust, mantle, core
B. mantle, crust, core
C. core, crust, mantle
D. mantle, core, crust
E. core, mantle, crust
34. A _____ is a scientific concept that has been tested and is in all likelihood true.
A. concept
B. hypothesis
C. theory
D. scenario
E. belief
, 35. _______ are geological forces generated inside the Earth.
A. Surficial forces
B. Electrochemical forces
C. Tectonic forces
D. Inertial
E. Celestial
36. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, floods, and tsunamis are all examples of:
A. earth-altering processes.
B. earth hazards.
C. geologic resources.
D. geospheric processes.
E. geologic hazards
37. The _______ collectively make up the lithosphere.
A. the crust and the whole mantle
B. the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle
C. the crust and asthenosphere
D. the upper and lower mantle
E. the asthenosphere and the upper mantle
38. The ____ is soft and therefore flows more readily than the underlying mantle.
A. crust
B. asthenosphere
C. lithosphere
D. core
E. plate
39. A hypothesis that passes repeated tests ultimately becomes __.
A. a guess
B. an observation of a phenomenon
C. a first, tentative idea to explain a phenomenon
D. a theory
E. a proven law of nature
40. After data have been analyzed, tentative explanations or solutions called _____ may be proposed.
A. a guess
B. an observation of a phenomenon
C. hypotheses
D. a concept that has been tested reproducibly and is likely to be true
E. a proven law of nature
41. Plate tectonics is a unifying idea that helps explain where and why there are ___ on Earth.
A. earthquakes
B. volcanoes
C. mountain belts
D. oceanic ridges and trenches
E. All of the answers are correct.
42. The two major types of crust are oceanic crust and __.
A. continental crust
B. lithosphere
C. convergent crust
D. thin crust
