N310 Pharmacology Final Exam Blueprint Spring

100 multiple choice questions: reproductive (about 11 questions), diabetes/endocrine (about 21 questions) Pharmacokinetics • How the body acts on a drug • Dynamic Equilibrium o Absorption  What happens to a drug from the time it is introduced into the body until it reaches the circulating fluids/tissues o Distribution  Involves the movement of a drug into body’s tissues o Metabolism  Liver is most important – detoxifies chemicals and uses others to produce needed enzymes and structures  First-pass effect – PO meds go through the liver, and a lot gets deactivated and excreted (why oral doses are higher than IV)  Hepatic enzyme system o Excretion o Removal of drugs from the body o Kidneys are the major organ of excretion o Half-life o How long it takes a drug to reach half of its maximum dose Pharmacodynamics • How the drug affects the body • Drugs work in four ways: o Replace/substitute missing chemicals (thyroid meds) o Increase/stimulate specific cell activities (insulin) o Slow