biology: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes

What do carbohydrates do? - provide short and long term energy which your body breaks down, use energy of chemical bonds examples of carbohydrates - sugars, starches, cellulose carbohydrate monomer - monosaccharide, ex. glucose carbohydrate polymer - polysaccharide, ex. starch, glycogen, cellulose What elements do carbohydrates contain? - hydrogen, oxygen, carbon What is an organic molecule? - one that contains carbon, made of SPONCH elements dehydration synthesis - a reaction that removes water from molecules to build a polymer from monomers degradation hydrolysis - inserting of a water molecule to break down a polymer into monomers What are lipids? - fats, oils, waxes What do lipids do? - long and short term energy storage, hormones, cell membranes components of a triglyceride (lipid "monomer") - glycerol backbone, fatty acid chain examples of lipids - triglycerides, steroids, phospholipids saturated fats - all single bonds, stackable, solid at room temp unsaturated fats - 1+ double bonds, every double bond removes 2 Hs, kinks in chain, liquid at room temp proteins functions/examples - structure of cells/bodies, muscles, antibodies, hemoglobin in blood, hormones, enzymes monomer of proteins - amino acids primary protein structure - chain of amino acids secondary protein structure - amino acid chains linked by H bonds, pleated sheets/alpha helixes tertiary protein structure - alpha helixes and pleated sheets attract quaternary protein structure - protein with more than 1 amino acid chain What are nucleic acids? - DNA and RNA What do nucleic acids do? - store hereditary info nucleic acid monomer - nucleotide