Davies Adult Echo Questions and Answers 2023 Test Bank
with complete Solution
The American Society of Echocardiography adopted the "leading edge" method
of measurement because:
A. People were turning up the gain too much.
B. The nature of the interaction between ultrasound and anatomical interfaces
makes this advisable.
C. The advent of gray-scale M mode made this possible.
D. It produces the most consistent and reproducible measurements.
D. In 1978 the American Society of Echocardiography recommended that all echo
measurements be taken from the leading edge of each structure so that all laboratories
would be using a consistent method.
-It produces the most consistent and reproducible measurements.
The term basilar area of the ventricle refers to the:
A. Ventricular myocardium at the apex
B. Mid segments of the ventricle
C. Ventricular myocardium at the atrioventricular valves.
D. None of the above.
C. The basilar area of the heart is at a level near the AV valves.
-Ventricular myocardium at the atrioventricular valves.
The infudibulum is related to the area of the right ventricle called the:
A. inflow tract
B. Outflow
C. Apical area
D. Subvalvular area
B. The infundibulum is a funnel shaped passage leading directly out the right ventricle.
-Outflow tract
The three primary branches of the aortic arch include all of the following EXCEPT
the:
A. Innominate artery
B. Right subclavian artery
C. Left common carotid artery
D. Left subclavian artery
B. The right subclavian artery arises from the innominate (brachiocephalic trunk).
-The right subclavian
The term tunica intima refers to which of the following:
A. The inner lining of the arterial wall
B. The outer lining of the arterial wall
C. Transverse arterial muscle fbers
D. Longitudinal muscle fibers
E. The middle layer of the arterial wall.
A. The inner lining of the arterial wall
The term tunica adventitia refers to:
A. The inner lining of the arterial wall.
,B. The outer lining of the arterial wall.
C. Transverse arterial muscle fibers.
D. The intimal wall.
E. The middle layer of the arterial wall.
B. The three sections of the arterial wall are the intima, media, and the adventitia
-The outer lining of the arterial wall.
Dextracardia indicates:
A. Enlargement of all cardiac chambers
B. An abnormal conduction system
C. Heart located in the right side of the chest
D. Dual chambers of the right ventricle
C. Often people with dextracardia have all organs reversed.
-Heart located in the right side of the chest
You are asked to pay particular attention to the semilunar valves. These valves
are the:
A. Mitral and aortic valves
B. Mitral and tricuspid valves
C. Pulmonic and tricuspid valves
D. Aortic and pulmonic valves
D. Semilunar refers to the crescent or half-moon shape of the aortic and pulmonic
valves.
-Aortic and pulmonic valves
The great vessels of the heart are the:
A. Inferior vena cava and superior vena cava
B. Inferior vena cava and subclavian artery
C.
D. Aorta and pulmonary artery
D. The aortic and the pulmonary arteries are described as the great vessels. The aorta
delivers oxygenated blood to the body, and pulmonary artery delivers unoxygenated
blood to the lungs.
-Aorta and pulmonary artery
Name and label each point on the anterior mitral valve leaflet
-D, E, F, A, C Note that the B notch is seen only when there is interruption in the closure
of the mitral valve.
Name and label the three walls transected by the transducer at mid ventricular
level:
A Anterior right ventricle wall,
B Interventricular septum,
C left ventricular posterior wall.
Name and label all structures and chambers transected by the M-mode
ultrasound beam directed through the base of the heart:
A. Anterior right ventricular wall
B. Right ventricular outflow tract
C. Anterior aortic wall
D. Aortic valve
E. Posterior aortic wall
,F. Left atrium
G. Posterior left atrial wall
In M-mode, the structure used to pinpoint end systole for measurement is:
A. The R wave of the ECG.
B. Maximum anterior motion of the left ventricular posterior wall.
C. Maximum posterior motion of the interventricular septum
D. The Q wave of the ECG
B. The R wave denotes the electrical stimulation that initiates systole. The Q wave is not
always present and is not an indicator of the end systole. Although the septum is at it
maximum posterior motion under normal conditions, it is susceptible to electrical
aberrations and volume and pressure changes and therefore not consistent for
measurements. Only the maximum anterior motion of the left ventricular posterior wall is
consistent for end-systolic measurements.
-Maximum anterior motion of the left ventricular posterior wall
The motion of the septum should be evaluated by M-mode at the:
A. Basal level
B. Mitral level
C. Mid-ventricular level
D. Apical level
C. At the basal level the M-mode beam is directly through the aorta and left atrium. At
the mitral level the septum may still show a pattern consistent with aortic motion. At the
apical level the beam would be crossing at an abnormal angle. The mid ventricular level
is most accurate for evaluating sepal motion.
-Midventricular level
The coronary sinus returns blood to the left atrium:
True or False
False: The coronary sinus is the terminal portion of the great cardiac vein, and it returns
blood to the right atrium
The osmium of the coronary arteries may sometimes be visualized in a short-axis
two dimensional echo view at the level of he aortic valve:
True or False
True: A narrow opening on the left coronary cusp of the AV valve at approximately 4 o 5
o'clock may define the osmium (opening) of the left coronary artery.
Since phases of the cardiac cycle are discussed in terms of systole and diastole
of the ventricle, what phase would occurring during atrial filling?
A. Diastole
B. Systole
C. Isovolumic phase
B. The atria and ventricles are always in opposites phases.
-Systole
In the ECG cycle, late ventricular filling occurs after the:
A. P wave
B. Q wave
C. R wave
D. T wave
, A. The P wave on an ECG is the electrical stimulus that created the mitral A wave,
which coincides with the atrial kick and late diastolic filling.
-P wave
If a patient presents with an early diastolic murmur you would concentrated
interest on the: Aortic valve
True of False
True
-Early diastolic murmurs are due to aortic or pulmonic insufficiency
If a patient presents with an early diastolic murmur you would concentrated
interest on the: Mitral valve
True or False
False
-Early diastolic murmurs are due to aortic or pulmonic insufficiency
If a patient presents with an early diastolic murmur you would concentrated
interest on the: Tricuspid
True or False
False
-Early diastolic murmurs are due to aortic or pulmonic insufficiency
If a patient presents with an early diastolic murmur you would concentrated
interest on the: Pulmonic valve
True or False
True
-Early diastolic murmurs are due to aortic or pulmonic insufficiency
Which valve would you suspect to be abnormal if auscultation revealed an
Austin-Flint murmur:
A. Aortic valve
B. Mitral valve
C. Tricuspid valve
D. Pulmonic valve
A. Austin-Flint murmur is associated with aortic insufficiency.
-Aortic valve
Most authors consider the major components of the first heart sound to be:
A. Closure of the semilunar valves
B. Closure of the atrioventricular valves
C. Opening of the semilunar valves
D. Opening of the atrioventricular valves
B. Mitral closure normally precedes tricuspid closure by 0.02 to .03 second, so that
audible splitting (duplicate) of the first heart sound is a common and normal occurrence.
-Closure of the atrioventricular valves
The heart sound most often associated with mitral valve prolapse is:
A. Gallop rhythm
B. Ejection sounds
C. Opening snap
D. Systolic click
D. Systolic Click
with complete Solution
The American Society of Echocardiography adopted the "leading edge" method
of measurement because:
A. People were turning up the gain too much.
B. The nature of the interaction between ultrasound and anatomical interfaces
makes this advisable.
C. The advent of gray-scale M mode made this possible.
D. It produces the most consistent and reproducible measurements.
D. In 1978 the American Society of Echocardiography recommended that all echo
measurements be taken from the leading edge of each structure so that all laboratories
would be using a consistent method.
-It produces the most consistent and reproducible measurements.
The term basilar area of the ventricle refers to the:
A. Ventricular myocardium at the apex
B. Mid segments of the ventricle
C. Ventricular myocardium at the atrioventricular valves.
D. None of the above.
C. The basilar area of the heart is at a level near the AV valves.
-Ventricular myocardium at the atrioventricular valves.
The infudibulum is related to the area of the right ventricle called the:
A. inflow tract
B. Outflow
C. Apical area
D. Subvalvular area
B. The infundibulum is a funnel shaped passage leading directly out the right ventricle.
-Outflow tract
The three primary branches of the aortic arch include all of the following EXCEPT
the:
A. Innominate artery
B. Right subclavian artery
C. Left common carotid artery
D. Left subclavian artery
B. The right subclavian artery arises from the innominate (brachiocephalic trunk).
-The right subclavian
The term tunica intima refers to which of the following:
A. The inner lining of the arterial wall
B. The outer lining of the arterial wall
C. Transverse arterial muscle fbers
D. Longitudinal muscle fibers
E. The middle layer of the arterial wall.
A. The inner lining of the arterial wall
The term tunica adventitia refers to:
A. The inner lining of the arterial wall.
,B. The outer lining of the arterial wall.
C. Transverse arterial muscle fibers.
D. The intimal wall.
E. The middle layer of the arterial wall.
B. The three sections of the arterial wall are the intima, media, and the adventitia
-The outer lining of the arterial wall.
Dextracardia indicates:
A. Enlargement of all cardiac chambers
B. An abnormal conduction system
C. Heart located in the right side of the chest
D. Dual chambers of the right ventricle
C. Often people with dextracardia have all organs reversed.
-Heart located in the right side of the chest
You are asked to pay particular attention to the semilunar valves. These valves
are the:
A. Mitral and aortic valves
B. Mitral and tricuspid valves
C. Pulmonic and tricuspid valves
D. Aortic and pulmonic valves
D. Semilunar refers to the crescent or half-moon shape of the aortic and pulmonic
valves.
-Aortic and pulmonic valves
The great vessels of the heart are the:
A. Inferior vena cava and superior vena cava
B. Inferior vena cava and subclavian artery
C.
D. Aorta and pulmonary artery
D. The aortic and the pulmonary arteries are described as the great vessels. The aorta
delivers oxygenated blood to the body, and pulmonary artery delivers unoxygenated
blood to the lungs.
-Aorta and pulmonary artery
Name and label each point on the anterior mitral valve leaflet
-D, E, F, A, C Note that the B notch is seen only when there is interruption in the closure
of the mitral valve.
Name and label the three walls transected by the transducer at mid ventricular
level:
A Anterior right ventricle wall,
B Interventricular septum,
C left ventricular posterior wall.
Name and label all structures and chambers transected by the M-mode
ultrasound beam directed through the base of the heart:
A. Anterior right ventricular wall
B. Right ventricular outflow tract
C. Anterior aortic wall
D. Aortic valve
E. Posterior aortic wall
,F. Left atrium
G. Posterior left atrial wall
In M-mode, the structure used to pinpoint end systole for measurement is:
A. The R wave of the ECG.
B. Maximum anterior motion of the left ventricular posterior wall.
C. Maximum posterior motion of the interventricular septum
D. The Q wave of the ECG
B. The R wave denotes the electrical stimulation that initiates systole. The Q wave is not
always present and is not an indicator of the end systole. Although the septum is at it
maximum posterior motion under normal conditions, it is susceptible to electrical
aberrations and volume and pressure changes and therefore not consistent for
measurements. Only the maximum anterior motion of the left ventricular posterior wall is
consistent for end-systolic measurements.
-Maximum anterior motion of the left ventricular posterior wall
The motion of the septum should be evaluated by M-mode at the:
A. Basal level
B. Mitral level
C. Mid-ventricular level
D. Apical level
C. At the basal level the M-mode beam is directly through the aorta and left atrium. At
the mitral level the septum may still show a pattern consistent with aortic motion. At the
apical level the beam would be crossing at an abnormal angle. The mid ventricular level
is most accurate for evaluating sepal motion.
-Midventricular level
The coronary sinus returns blood to the left atrium:
True or False
False: The coronary sinus is the terminal portion of the great cardiac vein, and it returns
blood to the right atrium
The osmium of the coronary arteries may sometimes be visualized in a short-axis
two dimensional echo view at the level of he aortic valve:
True or False
True: A narrow opening on the left coronary cusp of the AV valve at approximately 4 o 5
o'clock may define the osmium (opening) of the left coronary artery.
Since phases of the cardiac cycle are discussed in terms of systole and diastole
of the ventricle, what phase would occurring during atrial filling?
A. Diastole
B. Systole
C. Isovolumic phase
B. The atria and ventricles are always in opposites phases.
-Systole
In the ECG cycle, late ventricular filling occurs after the:
A. P wave
B. Q wave
C. R wave
D. T wave
, A. The P wave on an ECG is the electrical stimulus that created the mitral A wave,
which coincides with the atrial kick and late diastolic filling.
-P wave
If a patient presents with an early diastolic murmur you would concentrated
interest on the: Aortic valve
True of False
True
-Early diastolic murmurs are due to aortic or pulmonic insufficiency
If a patient presents with an early diastolic murmur you would concentrated
interest on the: Mitral valve
True or False
False
-Early diastolic murmurs are due to aortic or pulmonic insufficiency
If a patient presents with an early diastolic murmur you would concentrated
interest on the: Tricuspid
True or False
False
-Early diastolic murmurs are due to aortic or pulmonic insufficiency
If a patient presents with an early diastolic murmur you would concentrated
interest on the: Pulmonic valve
True or False
True
-Early diastolic murmurs are due to aortic or pulmonic insufficiency
Which valve would you suspect to be abnormal if auscultation revealed an
Austin-Flint murmur:
A. Aortic valve
B. Mitral valve
C. Tricuspid valve
D. Pulmonic valve
A. Austin-Flint murmur is associated with aortic insufficiency.
-Aortic valve
Most authors consider the major components of the first heart sound to be:
A. Closure of the semilunar valves
B. Closure of the atrioventricular valves
C. Opening of the semilunar valves
D. Opening of the atrioventricular valves
B. Mitral closure normally precedes tricuspid closure by 0.02 to .03 second, so that
audible splitting (duplicate) of the first heart sound is a common and normal occurrence.
-Closure of the atrioventricular valves
The heart sound most often associated with mitral valve prolapse is:
A. Gallop rhythm
B. Ejection sounds
C. Opening snap
D. Systolic click
D. Systolic Click
