Pearson Edexcel Mark Scheme (Results) June 2022 Pearson Edexcel GCSE In Astronomy (1AS0) Paper 1: Naked eye Astronomy Mark Scheme (Results) June 2022 Pearson Edexcel GCSE In Astronomy (1AS0) Paper 1: Naked eye Astronomy Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications

Pearson Edexcel Mark Scheme (Results) June 2022 Pearson Edexcel GCSE In Astronomy (1AS0) Paper 1: Naked eye Astronomy Mark Scheme (Results) June 2022 Pearson Edexcel GCSE In Astronomy (1AS0) Paper 1: Naked eye Astronomy Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s largest awarding body. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further information visit our qualifications websites at or . Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the details on our contact us page at Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international reputation for our commitment to high standards and raising achievement through innovation in education. Find out more about how we can help you and your students at: June 2022 Publications Code 1AS0_01_rms_ All the material in this publication is copyright © Pearson Education Ltd 2022 General Marking Guidance • All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last. • Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions. • Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie. • There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately. • All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme. • Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited. • When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted. • Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response. Question number Answer Mark 1 (a)(i) Sketch A – Orion NOT sketch B – Ursa Major NOT sketch C – Cassiopeia NOT sketch D – Cygnus 1 Question number Answer Mark 1 (a)(ii) NOT sketch A – Orion NOT sketch B – Ursa Major Sketch C – Cassiopeia NOT sketch D – Cygnus 1 Question number Answer Mark 1 (a)(iii) NOT sketch A – Orion NOT sketch B – Ursa Major NOT sketch C – Cassiopeia Sketch D – Cygnus 1 Question number Answer Additional Guidance Mark 1 (b)(i) Description or clearly labelled diagram to include: • small hole in the front of projector/camera or small hole in a piece of paper/card (1) • screen for the image at the rear of projector/camera (1) Do not allow projection with the use of a telescope/binoculars 2 Question number Answer Mark 1 (b)(ii) (Faint) band of light 1 Question number Answer Mark 1 (b)(iii) Milky way is too faint for the image to be seen 1 Question number Answer Mark 2 (a)(i) NOT A crust – lower temperature than inner core B inner core – has the greatest average temperature NOT C mantle – lower temperature than inner core NOT D outer core – lower temperature than inner core 1 Question number Answer Mark 2 (a)(ii) NOT A crust – does not include mantle & inner core B crust and inner core NOT C crust, mantle, inner core and outer core – includes mantle NOT D inner core and outer core – outer core is liquid 1 Question number Answer Mark 2 (a)(iii) NOT A inner core – does not include outer core NOT B mantle and inner core – mantle not made of mainly iron and nickel NOT C mantle, inner core and outer core – mantle not made of mainly iron and nickel D inner core and outer core 1 Question number Answer Mark 2 (a)(iv) Pluto 1 Question number Answer Mark 2 (b) Drawing of a circle/squashed circle (1) Drawing of a good oblate spheroid Symmetrical on vertical and horizontal axis (1) 2 Question number Answer Mark 2 (c)(i) NOT A Antarctic Circle – Sun does not rise above horizon on Summer Solstice B Arctic Circle – Sun does not rise above horizon on Winter Solstice NOT C Tropic of Cancer – incorrect answer NOT D tropic of Capricorn – incorrect answer 1 Question number Answer Mark 2 (c)(ii) NOT A Antarctic Circle – incorrect answer NOT B Arctic Circle – incorrect answer NOT C Tropic of Cancer – Sun passes overhead on the Summer Solstice D Tropic of Capricorn – Sun passes overhead on the Winter Solstice 1 Question number Answer Mark 3 (a)(i) Sun, Earth and in a straight line (Dotted line is a marking guide and does NOT need to be drawn to gain the mark) 1 Question number Answer Mark 3 (a)(ii) Earth, Sun and S in a straight line (Dotted line is a marking guide and does NOT need to be drawn to gain the mark) 1 Sun Orbit of Venus Orbit of Mars Orbit of Earth Not to scale Earth M Sun Orbit of Venus Orbit of Mars Orbit of Earth Not to scale Earth S Question number Answer Mark 3 (a)(iii) One mark for both of the positions shown Earth, G and Sun are perpendicular (Dotted lines are a marking guide and do NOT need to be drawn to gain the mark) 1 Question number Answer Mark 3 (b) Mercury (1) Venus (1) 2 Question number Answer Mark 3 (c) Mercury (1) 1 Question number Answer Mark 3 (d) 0.78 (AU) Calculation: 1.5(0) – 0.72 1 Sun Orbit of Venus Orbit of Mars Orbit of Earth Not to scale Earth G G Question number Answer Additional Guidance Mark 4 (a)(i) To ensure that clock time roughly corresponds with the position of the Sun (1) For different locations on the Earth (1) or Reference to apparent and mean solar time (1) Award one mark for reference to sunset/sunrise/noon occurring at an appropriate time 2 Question number Answer Additional Guidance Mark 4 (a)(ii) Calculation: (Average width of time zone in degrees) = 360 24 Allow 360 15 = 24 Allow 25 × 15 = 360 1 Question number Answer Mark 4 (a)(iii) Number of times zones = 4 (2) Calculation: Change in longitude = 107 - 45 = 62 degrees Number of time zones = 62 15 (1) Number of time zones = 4.1 Therefore, aircraft will pass through 4 time zones (1) 2 Question number Answer Mark 4 (b)(i) (Allow either line shown in the diagram.) 1 NORTH Gnomon 12 o’clock line NORTH Gnomon/Noon timelines are pointing South. Therefore, North is in the opposite direction. Question number Answer Mark 4 (b)(ii) Angle between gnomon and horizontal = Latitude of sundial location 1 Question number Answer Mark 4 (b)(iii) GMT = 11:44 (2) If answer is incorrect: Correct use of Equation of time = 11:00 + 12 = 11:12 (1) OR Correct use of longitude correction = 11:00 + 32 = 11:32 (1) Calculation: (Local) MST = Sundial time – Equation of time = 11:00 – -12 = 11:12 (1) Greenwich MST (GMT) = Local MST + longitude correction = 11:12 + (8 ⨯ 4) = 11:12 + 32 (1) = 11:44 2 LATITUDE = Angle Gnomon 12 o’clock line Question number Answer Mark 5 (a)(i) Position number Name of the Moon’s Phase when seen from Earth Time at which the Moon will cross the observer’s meridian A Full 00:00 (midnight) B NEW 12:00 / midday C FIRST QUARTER 18:00 / 6:00pm 4 Question number Answer Mark 5 (a)(ii) NOT A position A only – will cause a spring tide NOT B position B only – will cause a spring tide NOT C position A and position B – will cause spring tides D position C and position D – Sun-Earth-Moon are perpendicular 1 Question number Answer Mark 5 (b) One mark for each of the positions shown (2) One mark if positions shown are incorrect, but are shown on opposite sides of the Earth (1) (Dotted line is perpendicular to the direction of the Moon) (Dotted line is a marking guide and does NOT need to be drawn to gain the mark) (L1 and L2 can be labelled either way) 2 Direction of the Moon Earth’s equator Direction of the Sun L1 L2 Earth’s north pole Question number Answer Mark 5 (c) 2 or Moon rotated through 180 degrees. Phase must remain the same. (1) Moon rotated through 90 degrees either clockwise or anti-clockwise. Phase must remain the same. (1)