CHEM 1011 Final Exam Question and Answers 2023

CHEM 1011 Final Exam Question and Answers 2023 Solution - CORRECT ANSWER-consists of a solvent (dissolving medium) and one or more solutes; most of its properites are dependent on the properties of the solute Colligative properties - CORRECT ANSWER-properties of a solution that depend only on the number of particles dissolved in it, not the properties of the particles themselves. The main ones are boiling point elevation and freezing point depression. Boiling point - CORRECT ANSWER-temeperature where vapor pressure equals atoms on the liquid; -elevated boiling points are related to: 1) # concentration of solute particles & 2) the nature of the solvent **solutions with non-volatile solutes have a decreased vapor pressure which means that an increased temp is req'd to boil the solution than a pure solvent how does solute affect freezing point - CORRECT ANSWER-the presence of the solute interferes with formation of a solid as th eolutions cools; solutins with non-volatile solutes have a decreased freezing points than pure solvents hypotonic solution - CORRECT ANSWER-if a cell is placed in a salt concentration in a solution lower than that of the cell -->the water will move from the solution into the cell and will expand hypertonic solution - CORRECT ANSWER-the cell is placed in a solution of increased salt concentration and the ewater will move from the inside of the cell to the solution and cell with shrink osmotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER-the pressure that must be applied to stop the movement of solvent through the membrane chemical kinetics - CORRECT ANSWER-a study of how quickly chemical reactions occur and the factors that affect this speed reaction rate - CORRECT ANSWER-speed of a chemical reaction; a measure of the change in reactant concentrations over time --> Rate= (concentration of A @t2 - conc of A @t1) / (t2-t1) differences in reaction rates that are independent vs dependent of concentration of reactant - CORRECT ANSWER-** if reaction rate is independent of concentration = the amount of reactant consumed and time is LINEAR ** if the reaction rate is dependent of concentration of reactant, the relationship is curvilinear rate law equation - CORRECT ANSWER-rate = k [A]^x [B]^y ** A & B = the concentrations of the reactants ** x & y = the order of the reaction zero order - CORRECT ANSWER-rate is independent of the reactnat's concentration and DOES NOT appear in rate law first order - CORRECT ANSWER-will have an exponent of one; rate is directly proportional to any reactant (if concentration of reactant incrases by two (doubles) the rate will ALSO double second order - CORRECT ANSWER-appear in rate law as the concentration of the reactant squared; if concentration of reactant is doubled, the rate will increase by a factor of 4 chemical system - CORRECT ANSWER-the reactants, products, and energy associated with a chemical reaction chemical equilibrium - CORRECT ANSWER-where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction; the concentrations of the reactants and products are CONSTANT **dynamic equilibrium=ractions are stilll occurring even if reaction appears to have stopped changed **chem equilibrium occurs when free energy exist in the LOWEST possible vlaue equilibrium constant - CORRECT ANSWER-the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations at equilibrium, with each concentration raised to a power equal to the number of moles of that substance in the balanced chemical equation What occurs when product concentration is more than reactant concentration? - CORRECT ANSWER-K will be a large number and this will favor the products (the numerator will be large and the denominator will be small) What occurs if the reactant concentration is larger than product concentration - CORRECT ANSWER-K will be small/less than one; and it will favor the reactants (large denominator and small numerator)