NCLEX Medical Surgical Drugs - Questions and Answers

NCLEX Medical Surgical Drugs - Questions and Answers A client with heart failure is digitalized (given a loading dose of digoxin) and placed on a maintenance dose of digoxin 0.25 mg by mouth daily. What responses does the nurse expect the client to exhibit when a therapeutic effect of digoxin is achieved? A. Diuresis and decreased pulse rate B. Increased blood pressure and weight loss C. Regular pulse rhythm and stable fluid balance D. Corrected heart murmur and decreased pulse pressure A hospitalized client is receiving pyridostigmine for control of myasthenia gravis. In the middle of the night, the nurse finds the client weak and barely able to move. Which additional clinical findings support the conclusion that these responses are related to pyridostigmine? Select all that apply. A. Respiratory depression B. Distention of the bladder C. Decreased blood pressure D. Fine tremor of the fingers E. High-pitched gurgling bowel sounds A client who is receiving hydrochlorothiazide asks what this drug actually does. What information about the drug's therapeutic action will the nurse consider when formulating a response? A. Increases the excretion of sodium B. Increases the glomerular filtration rate C. Decreases the reabsorption of potassium D. Decreases the amount of fluid reabsorption in the loop of Henle After a short hospitalization for an episode of a transient ischemic attack (TIA) related to hypertension, a client is discharged on a regimen that includes chlorothiazide. What will the nurse instruct the client to do regarding nutrition? Select all that apply. A. Eat more dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach. B. Eat more vitamin-enriched products. C. Return to previous eating habits. D. Increase intake of dairy products. E. Increase intake of beans. A client is scheduled for a craniotomy to remove a brain tumor. To prevent the development of cerebral edema after surgery, the nurse anticipates the use of drugs from which class? A. Steroids B. Diuretics C. Anticonvulsants D. Antihypertensives A client with arthritis increases the dose of ibuprofen to abate joint discomfort. After several weeks the client becomes increasingly weak. The client is admitted to the hospital and is diagnosed with severe anemia. What findings does the nurse expect to identify when performing an admission assessment? Select all that apply. A. Melena B. Tachycardia C. Constipation D. Clay-colored stools E. Painful bowel movements The nurse is providing postoperative care for a client who has received a prescription for nalbuphine for pain. What side effects or adverse reactions does the nurse anticipate after administering this medication? Select all that apply. A. Nausea B. Oliguria C. Sedation D. Dry mouth E. Flushed skin F. Orthostatic hypotension A nurse is teaching a client who is taking a loop diuretic about foods that are high in potassium. Which foods should the nurse emphasize? Select all that apply. A. Bananas B. Apricots C. Roasted chicken D. Macaroni and cheese E. Baked potatoes with skins Twenty minutes after the start of an intravenous (IV) vancomycin infusion, the client appears flushed and complains of palpitations. What action should the nurse take? A. Stop the infusion; the client is having an allergic reaction. B. Continue to monitor the client; this is an expected reaction. C. Contact the primary healthcare provider to obtain a prescription to decrease the infusion rate. D. Contact the primary healthcare provider to obtain a prescription for an antianxiety medication.