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Summary Mikrobiologie MKBS 221 lang vrae en antwoorde oor Mikrobiese Genetika, Virologie en Immunologie

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Mikrobiologie MKBS 221 lang vrae en antwoorde oor Mikrobiese Genetika, Virologie en Immunologie in Afrikaans

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Uploaded on
July 27, 2023
Number of pages
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Written in
2015/2016
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MKBS 221
INLEIDENDE MIKROBIESE
GENETIKA, VIROLOGIE EN
IMMUNOLOGIE
Dr. C. Mienie

, LANG VRAE
1. Gee ‘n opsommende tabel van DNA-replisering & skryf teenoor elke stap die naam van
ensiem(e) wat die betrokke stap kataliseer

STAPPE STAP BESKRYWING ENSIEM/PROTEIEN
1. INISIERING Inisiëring DnaA proteiene bind aan die
oorsprong van replisering
2. Afwending van heliks  DNA helikase
 Enkelstring bindende proteiene
(EBP)
 DNA girase (Topoisomerase II)
3. VERLENGING Sintese van RNA Primase
primers
4. Leier-en sloerstring DNA polimerase III
sintese + Proeflees
5.  Verwydering van  DNA polimerase I
RNA primers  RNAse H
 Vul gapings
6. Samevoeging van DNA ligase
okazaki fragmente
7. TERMINERING  Replisome berei ter  Tus proteien
gebied (E.coli)  Toposoimerases
 Vrystelling van dogter
molekules

2. Maak ‘n tekening van die struktuur van ‘n prokariotiese geen

, 3. Wat word bedoel met ‘n leesraam? Verduidelik waarom is dit belangrik dat ribosome
genetiese inligting “in-raam” lees.


 Leesraam is die manier waarop nukleotiede in DNA & mRNA gegroepeer word in ‘n kodon vir die
lees van die boodskap, wat in die nukleotied-volgorde vervat is
 As die boodskap “uit-raam” gelees word, sal dit veroorsaak dat die verkeerde proteien
gesintetiseer word, wat dan die gevolg het dat die proteien nie behoorlik kan funksioneer nie.


4. Vergelyk prokaryote, archaea & eukariote ten opsigte van ooreenkomste & verskille tydens
transkripsie & translasie deur die volgende tabel te voltooi:


BACTERIA ARCHAEA EUKARYA
Plek waar Sitoplasma Sitoplasma  Transkripsie =
transkripsie/ nukleus
translasie plaasvind  Translasie =
sitoplasma
Ribosoomgrootte 50S + 30S = 70S 50S + 30S = 70S 60S + 40S = 80S
Translasie inisiasie  Shine-dalgarno  Shine-dalgarno  5’ kappie & 3’ poli-A;
gebied gebied eukariotiese
 3 Proteien  Archaea inisiërings inisiërings faktore
inisieringsfaktore faktore (AIF) (EIF)
 Poli-A-binding
proteiene
metionien metionien metionien
Transkripsie N-formiel-tRNA tRNA tRNA
inisieërder tRNA
Vrystellingsfaktore 3 Vrystellingsfaktore 1 Vrystellingsfaktor 1 Vrystellingsfaktor


5. Wat sal die fenotipe van ‘n E-coli mutant wees met ‘n mutasie in die lac-repressor sodat die
proteien nie allaktose kan bind nie?
 ‘n String waar die induseerder (allaktose) nie die repressor kan bind nie en is dus nie meer
induseerbaar nie
 Selfs waenneer laktose teenwoordig is, sal dit nie die lac-repressor uitdruk nie
 Glukose benutting sal nie geaffekteer word nie.


6. Noem 2 algemene vervoersisteme
- Sec-sisteem
- Tat-sisteem

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