NUR601 Nursing Theory Exam 1 questions with correct answers

Components of a Discipline Includes network of philosophies, theories, concepts, approaches to inquiry, research findings, and practices. Community of scholars share commitment to value, knowledge, and process Distinct perspective. What is a Domain? Boundaries or focus: - Phenomena of interest - Problems to be addressed - Main content and methods - Roles of discipline members What are the domains of Nursing? 1. Principles that govern life processes and well being 2. Patterning of human behavior in interactions with environment in critical life situations 3. Processes by which positive changes in health status are affected Differentiate between Conceptual and Syntactical structures in nursing. Conceptual: Relates concepts within theories. Syntactical: Skills and abilities that must be developed within the community. What is the distinguishing mark of any discipline? Systems of Education What is a nursing Philosophy? Statement of enduring values and beliefs held by members of the discipline What is a Theory? A notion or an idea that explains experience, interprets observation, describes relationships, and projects outcomes. What is a Nursing Theory? an inductively and/or deductively derived collage of coherent, creative, and focused nursing phenomena that frame, give meaning to, and help explain specific and selective aspects of nursing research and practice (Silva, 1997) Key Functions of a Theory Organize Knowing Explain Experience Interpret Observation Describe Relationships Guide Actions Predict Outcomes Provide Evidence Identify structures of nursing - Metaparadigm (Share beliefs, Very general) - Paradigm (different worldviews) - Conceptual models or grand theories (provide prespective, Broad scope, not for empirical testing) - Middle range (Narrower, appropriate for empirical testing) - Practice Level theory (provides framework for nursing practice) Existing paradigms in nursing Parse: Totality -Simultaneity Newman: Particulate -Deterministic, Interactive - Integrative, Unitary- Transformative Fawcett: Reaction; Reciprocal Interaction, Simultaneous Action Four Main categories of questions used to guide the study of nursing theory. 1. Conceptualization of nursing 2. Context of theory development 3. Authoritative sources 4. Overall significance Identify the primary purpose of nursing theory. What is the significance of theory for practice. Significance: -Importance over time. -Experience of nurses using the theory in practice. -Projected influences on the future. Nursing Practice is essential for the development, testing, and refining of nursing theory. Benefits/functions of the theoretical model - organize care in any setting - strengthen nursing focus of care - provides consistency to the communication and activities - Advance the discipline Choosing a nursing theory for practice - Enduring values - Nursing situations - connecting values - verifying awareness - multiple ways of knowing Carper's ways of knowing - Empirical knowing- through testing and science - Personal knowing- personal experience - Ethical knowing- moral component - Esthetic knowing- art of nursing Criteria for evaluating a nursing theory - Read and study primary sources - Research and practice implications - Critiques and evaluations by others - Study whole theory - Come to your own judgement When selecting a theory evaluation guide what must be considered? Level and scope Outcome of nursing theory evaluations Essential activity within a scientific community. Nursing theory evaluation leads to the advancement, refinement, and extension of substantive knowledge in the discipline. What is the goal of nursing as defined by Nightingale? Assisting the patient in his or her retention of "vital powers" by meeting his or her needs, putting the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon According to Nightingale, what are the environmental components of health? • Clean air • Pure water • Efficient drainage- Ventilation • Cleanliness • Light • Warmth Identify the legacy of Florence Nightingale during the 21st century Caring & Activism Virginia Henderson's 14 components of basic nursing care. 1. Respiration 2. Eating and drinking adequately 3. Elimination 4. Postures and Ambulation 5. Sleep and rest 6. Clothing needs 7. Temperature Regulation 8. Hygiene 9. Avoiding danger to self and others 10. Communication 11. Religious and spiritual activities 12. The performance of appropriate work activities 13. Play and recreation 14. Learning and development What are the 3 central ingredients of Wiedenbach's Prescriptive Theory 1. Nurse's Central Pur