SPMT 319 Exam One Questions and Correct Solutions | Graded A+

Sport - "an institutionalized competitive activity involving two or more opponents and stressing physical exertion by serious competitors who represent or are part of formally organized associations" "a competitive activity involving at least two competitors, requiring physical skill, following formal rules, and occurring within a formal organizational framework What does sport represent? - represents "well-established, officially governed competitive physical activities in which participants are motivated by internal and external rewards" What are key points from definitions of sport - Sport is physical in nature Sport involves at least two people Sport involves competition Sport takes place within formally established parameters what are the various levels of sports? - Informal Organized Corporate Physical activity - "all bodily movements that cause increases in physical exertion beyond that which occurs during normal activities of daily living" Exercise - specific form of physical activity in which the individual engages for the purpose of improving fitness, physical performance, or health Prevalence of sport and physical activity - Represents one of the more popular institutions in American society Incredible amount of money spent on sport and physical activity Sports reaffirm important ideas and beliefs in many societies - Gender ideology Racial ideology Class ideology Sociology - is the scientific discipline that describes and explains human social organization the study of social worlds that people create, organize, maintain, and change through their relationships with one another the analysis of the structure of social relationships as constituted by social interaction Key points from definition of Sociology - Sociology is an academic discipline aimed at scientifically studying phenomena Sociologists study people and the institutions they create and maintain Sociology is distinct from other scientific disciplines, like biology or psychology --- The focus is on the study of (macro) social issues and the manner in which people engage and interact with one another Three key assumptions of the sociological approach - People are social beings by their very nature Individuals are, for the most part, socially determined People create, shape, and change their social contexts Sociology of sport and physical activity - A subsection of sociology that studies sport and physical activity as social phenomena Interested in examining various issues pertaining to the analysis of sport and physical activity Sport and physical activity are social constructions Consider how sport shapes and influences people's lives and their well-being Also means identifying the issues and controversies prevalent within sport In many ways, sport can be seen as a microcosm of society - Sport is a window into, or a mirror which reflects, the underlying values, beliefs, and assumptions of a cultural group. Reflected in the way that the values in sport are also seen in society Success in society - success and excellence as aspects that must be displayed and measured in the constant pursuit of human excellence We value the self-made person, or the individual who has achieved money and status through his or her efforts in a highly competitive system Success in sport - The focus on competition and success is also seen in sport Oftentimes consider athletes and coaches who fail to win the "big" one as failures Competition in society - Competition infuses almost all aspects of American society, from the corporate world to schools to the Cub Scouts to our sporting pursuits Competition in sport - Observed readily in sport—one of the elements that differentiates sport from other activities Can also result in negative outcomes Means to achieve(reach/attain )in society what are the valued means to succeed - Puritan ideal of hard work Continual striving for excellence Deferred gratification Means to achieve(reach/attain) in sport - Athletes presumably obtain individual achievements in sport through hard work, perseverance and sacrifice Progress - going forward to something considered better Progress in society - American society places paramount importance upon the future. Emphasis to the future and progress, to obtaining a better job, a brighter future, etc. Progress in sport - Coaches, athletes, fans, the media and other stakeholders place a high degree of value on progress Strive for continual improvement and progress towards goals, through setting records, winning more games and championships, or mastering new techniques to enhance performance Materialism in society - The goal for many is to accumulate possessions that bring status and provide for a better way of life This is realized in several ways, including our choices of homes, clothing styles, boats, prestigious neighborhoods in which we live, season tickets, and country club memberships, among others Materialism in sport - In the 19th and 20th centuries, as sport became more businesslike, the corporate model began infiltrating the organization of sport franchises and governing bodies.