EDF 3110 Exam 1 (with Complete Solutions)

Definition of developmental science correct answers studying both change and constancy throughout the lifespan theory correct answers an orderly, integrated set of statements that describes, explains, and predicts behavior **used to organize observations discontinuous development correct answers the view that development is a process in which new ways of understanding and responding to the world emerge at specific times continuous development correct answers the view that development is a process of gradually augmenting the same types of skills that were there to begin with Nature-Nurture debate correct answers disagreement among theorists about whether genetic or environmental factors are more important influences on development nature correct answers inborn and biological, based on genetic inheritance, stability of characteristics nurture correct answers physical and social world, influence biological and psychological development, plasticity (development is open to lifelong change and change occurs based on influential experiences) stability correct answers persistence of individual differences; lifelong patterns established by early experiences resilience correct answers ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development; factors include personal characteristics, warm parental relationship, social support outside family, and community resources and opportunities **boy's close, affectionate relationship with father who combines warmth with appropriate expectations for maturity age-graded influence correct answers influences on lifespan development that are strongly related to age and therefore fairly predictable in when they occur and how long they last **walking shortly after first birthday, acquire native language at school, each puberty around age 12-14, menopause for women in late 40s and 50s, etc. history-graded influence correct answers influences on lifespan development that are unique to a particular historical era and explain why people born around the same time (called a cohort) tend to be alike in ways that set them apart from people born at other times **baby boomers nonnormative influence correct answers influences on lifespan development that are irregular, in that they happen to just one or a few individuals and do not follow a predictable timetable