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Fishbone Diagram Is used to map out a list of factors that affect a problem or desired Outcome Numerical Rating Is a quantifiable measure of desired performance, and it serves as a target for improvement. Organizational Needs Assessment Where is the training needed in the organizational level? It defines the KSAs required as the organization prepares for the future. Organizational Development (OD) Is a complex strategy intended to change the beliefs, attitudes, values, culture and structure of organizations so that they can better adapt to new technologies, markets, and challenges. Organizational Development methods are employed to improve Organizational Effectiveness (OE). Scatter diagram Quality tool that shows possible relationships between two variables. (e.g. Trend and Ratio) (e.g. to determine if there is a relationship between years of experience and income level) Sample return A measureable outcome as a result of a developed initiative. (e.g. An average value of increased production) Designing an OED Intervention Requires determining the target audience's readiness for the upcoming change. (Managers input is a way to diagnose their readiness and obtaining commitment. ) Interpersonal Strategies Deals with the work relationship between employees. Efforts aimed at clarifying work expectations and norms to prevent misunderstandings or conflicts. OD/ OE involves analyzing 3 areas of an organization: Its people, its processes, and its planning Process-related performance problem Impractical or outdated procedure are an example of process-related problem. Goldratt's Theory of constrains The greater constraints faced by organizations come from policies. Six Sigma Its a set of techniques and tools for process improvement. It was introduced by engineer Bill Smith while working at Motorola in 1986 Six Sigma Black Belts Project Leaders Six Sigma Green Belts Employees Organizational Structure The Method by which work flows through an organization. It allows group to work together within their individual functions to manage tasks. An Ombudsperson Is a neutral party with limited powers and cannot therefore negotiate for one party. It can investigate, the dispute, establish facts, and refer the matter, along with the evidence, to management or to other forms of ADR. Open-door policy Form of dispute resolution that opens the lines of communication within a company High involvement employee Employee involvement strategies that allow employees to participate in managing the organization. Corporate Social Responsibilities Is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a self-regulatory mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards and national or international norms. How can training evaluations best be presented to management? Presenting a report which shows the effect training and skill development has had on productivity Best way for an organization to determine recruiting effectiveness Analyze Yield Ratios Yield Ratios Reflects the percentage of job candidates at the beginning of a step in the recruiting/selection process who move on to the next step in the process. Matrix Organizational Structure Two organizational Structures exist at the same time. Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) Major Federal Law broadly regulates Compensation Trend and Ratio Analysis Use of statistics to determine whether relationships exist between two variables. Construct Validity Shows relationship between an abstract characteristic inferred by research and job performance Selection Rate The number hired divided by the number of applicants Hawthorne Studies Reveals that Environmental factors are less important than social interaction among co-workers and between supervisors and employees. Primary Research Methods examples Attitude Surveys, questionnaires, interviews and experiment. Broadbanding Combining several salary grades or job classifications with narrow pay ranges into one band with a wider salary spread. It's popular with some companies because it fits their flatter organizational Structure. Competitive advantage A set of unique features of a company and its products that are perceived by the target market as significant and superior to those of the competition. A complete understanding of strategic sources must include an analysis of the strength and weakness of the organization. Expectancy theory The theory that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards. theory x and theory y Douglas McGregor. Theory X: managers believe employees inherently dislike work and therefore must be directed into performing it. Theory Y: managers assume employees can view work as being as natural as play, and therefore average person can learn to accept, and even seek responsibility. Relationship between JOB SATISFACTION/JOB PERFORMANCE Other factors such as rewards, mediate the relationship between satisfaction and performance Behavioral Performance Scale Identifies the actions that should or should not be seen on the job, used mainly for developmental feedback.. The first step towards constructing behavioral performance scales is identifying the most important performance factors in an employee's job description.