CALT Exam Questions with correct Answers 2023 GRADED A

This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :43:10 GMT -05:00 CALT Exam Questions with correct Answers 2023 GRADED A Adolph Kussmaul (1877) - ANSWER-"word blindness" Dr. Rudolph Berlin (1887) - ANSWER-Came up with the word "Dyslexia' James Hinschelwood (1897) - ANSWER-reported cases of "congenital wordblindness", called on schools to screen and treat it Dr. W. Pringle Morgan (1896) - ANSWER-Wrote 1st medical journal on word blindness Grace Fernald (1920s) - ANSWER-Developed the VAKT Method (Fernald Method) Samuel T. Orton (1925) - ANSWER-Neurologist, associated dyslexia as a "language disorder", Coined the term "strephosymbolia" (twisted symbols) Anna Gillingham (1930s) - ANSWER-Developed multisensory teaching with Orton, Trained 50 teachers with Sally Childs Aylett Cox - ANSWER-Developed Alphabetic Phonics at Scottish Rite Hospital, Worked with Sally Childs Drs. Sally and Bennett Shaywitz - ANSWER-Watched the brain read using fMRI, Tracked the prevalence of Dyslexia and whether is was a developmental lag vs. persists over time Chomsky - ANSWER-Said children are pre-wired to learn oral language but reading and writing are acquired Isabelle Liberman - ANSWER-Phonological Processes NIH Prior to 1980 dyslexia definition - ANSWER-Exclusionary- when you couldn't figure out the problem it must be dyslexia Dyslexia Definition - ANSWER-Deficit of phonological component of language This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :43:10 GMT -05:00 IQ discrepancy - ANSWER-Research shows this to be an invalid model (IQ decided based on a reading test, unfair for children with dyslexia) Specific Learning Disability - ANSWER-Disorder with language, may make it difficult to thing, listen, speak, read, write, do math, etc. This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :43:10 GMT -05:00 ADD/ADHD Historically - ANSWER-minimal brain dysfunction ADD/ADHD Comorbity - ANSWER-30-50% Twin Studies - ANSWER-Concordance rate 70% in identical pairs, 48% in fraternal Purpose of Assessment - ANSWER-Identify issues, Determine progress, Determine placement or exit from therapy Assessment - ANSWER-The collection of information to make decisions about learning and instruction Diagnostic Test - ANSWER-A test to determine more specifically the exact nature a student, or students', learning problems. It con help the teacher identify ways to better assist the the students. Informal Test - ANSWER-A test that is not standardized, can see if students need further screening or different instruction Formal Test - ANSWER-Standardized test, uses specific procedures Norm Referenced Test - ANSWER-Compare a students performance with their peers Criterion Referenced Test - ANSWER-Performance is measured by how well student has mastered the standard, show knowledge attained and knowledge that needs to be acquired Curriculum Referenced Test - ANSWER-Variation of Criterion, Questions based on what is taught in the classroom CTOPP-2 - ANSWER-Measures- phonological awareness, phonological memory, and rapid naming GORT-5 - ANSWER-Fluency PPVT-4 - ANSWER-Receptive Vocabulary-Picture Test Formative Data Collection - ANSWER-Gather information about a child's progress in certain skills of knowledge, short term instructional goals, criterion/curriculum referenced test Summative Data Collection - ANSWER-Gathers information about a child's accumulation and integration of knowledge, long term, norm-referenced test Profile - ANSWER-Graphic Representation of Scores This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :43:10 GMT -05:00 Standard Scores - ANSWER-Represent deviation from mean in age group Standard Deviation - ANSWER-15 Grade Equivalent Score - ANSWER-Compare performance on grade level material against average performance of students at other grade levels Age Equivalent Score - ANSWER-age at which a given raw score is average, not precise for reporting ADD/ADHD Tests - ANSWER-Conners and Vanderbilt Phonology - ANSWER-The study of language sounds and sound patterns Phoneme - ANSWER-Smallest unit of sound Morphology - ANSWER-Study of meaningful units of language and word formation Morpheme - ANSWER-Smallest meaningful unit of language Semantics - ANSWER-Meaning of words and how they are used Syntax - ANSWER-Structure of language, grammar Pragmatics - ANSWER-Rules for communicating effectively in social situations Top Down Theory - ANSWER-Whole language, analytic Kenneth and Yetta Goodman and Frank Smith - ANSWER-Whole lanugauge, guessing game Bottom Up Theory - ANSWER-Synthetic, part to whole Farnham-Diggory Model - ANSWER-1st order (deciphering and enciphering) taught with 2nd order skills (comprehension and writing) interactive theory - ANSWER-- reading and writing are interactive processes of meaning making - focuses on comprehension and construct meaning (reader-based and text-based) - Processes happen at the same time Jeanne Chall - ANSWER-6 Stages of Reading Stage 0- pre reading - ANSWER-Age 0-6, "pseudoreading" This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :43:10 GMT -05:00 Stage 1- Initial Reading and Decoding - ANSWER-Age 6-7, grasp alphabetic principal, can decoding high frequency and phonetically regular words Stage 2- Confirmation and Fluency - ANSWER-Age 7-8, Read simple stories, gain fluency Stage 3- Reading to Learn - ANSWER-Age 9-14, Reading used to learn new ideas Stage 4- Multiple Viewpoints - ANSWER-Reading complex materials, critical analysis Stage 5- Constructive - ANSWER-Adulthood, Reading for your own personal/professional needs Linnea Ehri - ANSWER-Ehir's Phases of Word Recognition Development, sight/automaticity is key to skilled reading SOAR - ANSWER-(See Our Accurate Reading) 1. Sit up Straight 2. Tilt the book 3. Prepare (code and read silently) 4. Read Aloud 5. Check (accuracy and comprehension) Louisa Moats - ANSWER-Stages of writing Suprasegmental - ANSWER-melody of speech: intonation, stress, loudness, pitch level, speaking rate phonological processing - ANSWER-Umbrella term, includes rhyme, alliteration and rhyme, partial phoneme segmentation and full phoneme segmentation phonological awareness - ANSWER-Progression: sentence segmentation, words, syllables, onset rhyme, phonemes(this is phonemic awareness) DOES NOT involve print phonemeic awareness - ANSWER-Able to hear, identify and manipulate phonemes Vowel Chart - ANSWER-Moves from smile to most open to most closed Coarticulation - ANSWER-Adjacent sounds are spoken so that one changes or modifies the other- ng and nk (ank, ing) Independent Level Text - ANSWER-1 in 20 words is difficult (95%) Instructional Level - ANSWER-1 in 10 words is difficult (90%) This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :43:10 GMT -05:00 Frustration Level - ANSWER-More than 1 in 10 words is difficult (under 90%)-will not help fluency Miscue Analysis - ANSWER-studying the mistakes a student makes to learn more about their reading Scarborough's Rope - ANSWER-Language Comp (Background, Vocab, Language structure, Verbal reasoning, literacy knowledge) and Word Recognition (phonological awareness, decoding, sight recognition) Accent - ANSWER-Stress put on word or part of a word (one or more words in a phrase or sentence) Factors that influence the sounds represented by grapheme (ASAP) - ANSWER-Accent, # of Syllables, Adjacent Letters (situations) and Position (IMF) 1066 - ANSWER-Great Vowel Shift- Middle English Anglo-Saxon - ANSWER-Function Words Base Word - ANSWER-Free/unbound morepheme Root - ANSWER-Bound Morpheme-cannot stand alone Chameleon Prefixes - ANSWER-Change the last letter of prefix to make the word easier to say-euphony in, im, il, ir - ANSWER-normal- in, Before BMP - in, Before l-il, before r- ir con, col, cor, com - ANSWER-normal-con, before BMP-com, Before l-col, Before r-cor Doubling prefix - ANSWER-If you do not hear another sound after a closed prefix double the final letter of the prefix (illogical, arrange, correct) Descriptive Grammar - ANSWER-regular pattern of speaking, dialect Prescriptive Grammar - ANSWER-Rules upheld by writers and editors Compound Sentence - ANSWER-A sentence with two of more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (, optional) Complex Sentence - ANSWER-one or more dependent clauses attached to and independent clause Compound Complex Sentence - ANSWER-Contains two independent clauses and a dependent clause This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :43:10 GMT -05:00 Sentence Combining - ANSWER-Effective way to teach grammar, combine short declarative sentences Comprehension - ANSWER-Begins with listening comp Narrative Text - ANSWER-Story-theme, setting, characters, plot Expository Text - ANSWER-Description, Sequence, Compare and contrast, cause and effect, problem and solution Narrative Nonfiction - ANSWER-factual information presented in a format which tells a story, could be personal