THE Fisdap Airway Study Guide questions with complete solutions

Alveolar air volume amount of air that reaches alveoli for gas exchange (approx. 350 ml. For adult male) Tidal volume minus dead space Dead air space anatomic dead space are structures that hold air but but can't participate in gas exchange. Physiologic dead space are alveoli or capillaries destroyed by disease Expiratory reserve volume amount of gas that can be forcefully expired at the end of a normal expiration Inspiratory reserve volume amount of gas that can be forcefully inspired in addition to a normal breaths tidal volume Internal respiration exchange of gases between blood cells and tissues Peak expiratory flow the greatest rate of airflow during forced expiration when lungs are fully inflated Residual volume after maximal forced exhalation, amount of air remaining not able to be expelled Tidal volume amount of air in a respiratory cycle (500 ml, 5-7ml/kg) Minute volume amount of gas moved in and out of respiratory tract per minute Air trapping a respiratory pattern associated with an obstruction in the pulmonary tree. Rate increases to overcome resistance. Angle of Louis angulation of the sternum that indicates the point where the second rib joins the sternum. (manubriosternal junction) Anoxia total lack of oxygen available to the tissues Apnea respiratory arrest Atelectasis abnormal condition characterized by collapse of alveoli, preventing exchange of CO2 and O2 in a part of the lungs Barrier device thin film of material placed on the patient's face used to prevent direct contact with the patient's mouth during PPV Carina where the trachea divides into right and left bronchi Ronchi rattling or rumbling in the lungs. Inspiration and expiration. Fluid in larger airways and may be cleared from a cough. Stridor harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sound best heard over the neck Rattles (ronchi) inflammation and mucus or fluid in larger airways heard on inspiration. Associated with bronchitis or pneumonia Crackles (rales) wet lungs - sounds like hair rolled in finger tips. fluid in smaller airways, crackling or popping sound on inspiration, sound that indicates presence of fluid in smaller airways Croup viral infection in upper airway that sounds like a seal bark Wheeze whistling sound heard on inspiration or expiration in pharynx, trachea, bronchi Biot's respirations irregular respirations and rate with periods of apnea from increased ICP, brain damage at medulla, DKA, and OD'ing Agonal respirations slow, shallow, irregular from anoxic brain injury Central neurogenic hyperventilation similar to kussmaul respirations, deep and rapid breathing from increased ICP Cheyne-Stokes respiration a pattern of gradually increasing rate and depth of breathing that tapers to slower and shallower breathing with a period of apnea before the cycle repeats. Hering-Breuer reflex a reflex that limits inspiration and prevents over inflation Hiccup spasm of the diaphragm Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome (ARDS) collection of fluid in the alveoli of the lung, usually from trauma or illness Compliance resistance of the patient's lung tissue to ventilation Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure Device (BiPAP) air pressure during inhalation and lower pressure to during exhalation Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) slight PPV throughout the respiratory cycle to prevent airway collapse Costal angle the angle formed by the margins of the ribs and the sternum Coughing protective mechanism from mucosal irritation. Can clear bronchioles and bronchi