1. Recent research conducted by Ferguson (2015) and Furuya-Kanamori and Doi (2016)
concluded what regarding the impact of playing violent video games on childhood and
adolescent aggression?
A) Their results indicated a direct link between the two.
B) They found that those who play less violent video games demonstrated increased
prosocial behaviours.
C) Their results were inconclusive.
D) They concluded that the effect of playing violent video games on childhood and
adolescent aggression were minimal.
2. A method for combining the results from independent studies to determine a general
conclusion on the topic is known as:
A) meta-analysis.
B) factor analysis.
C) longitudinal design.
D) cross-sectional design.
3. Which statement is NOT a general reason to learn about child development, as outlined
in the text?
A) Knowledge regarding child development can help caregivers raise children.
B) Research on child development can aid social policy development and adoption.
C) Knowledge of child development can provide a more thorough understand of
human nature.
D) Research on child development can assist court orders regarding child custody.
4. Research has determined that this brain area is involved in emotional reactions.
A) the amygdala
B) the hippocampus
C) the hypothalamus
D) the pons
5. One main conclusion based on the Romanian adoption study is that:
A) development is a direct result of sociocultural experiences.
B) there is no impact of social experiences on the developmental process.
C) the timing of experiences influences their effect on development.
D) development is a general result of biological influences.
Page 1
,6. This major group of contemporary philosophers and psychologists argues that
evolution has created many remarkable capabilities that are present, even in early
infancy, particularly in areas of special importance, such as understanding basic
properties of physical objects, plants and animals, and other people.
A) nativists
B) evolutionary psychologists
C) empiricists
D) Freudians
7. This major group of philosophers and psychologists has argued that infants possess
general learning mechanisms that allow them to learn a great deal quite quickly but that
infants and young children lack the specialized capabilities that nativists attribute to
them.
A) nativists
B) evolutionary psychologists
C) empiricists
D) Freudians
8. Considering the research on preschoolers' ability to provide accurate testimony about
past events, which piece of advice would be the MOST important for an interviewer to
be told prior to interviewing a young child?
A) Bring a doll to aid the child in answering your questions.
B) Make sure you know the answers to the questions before asking the child.
C) If you do not think the child has answered a question accurately, ask the question
again.
D) Ask questions that will help children to testify accurately.
9. Romanian-born children who were adopted by British families _____ fared BEST in
weight gain after adoption.
A) before age 6 months
B) between the ages of 6 and 24 months
C) between the ages of 24 and 42 months
D) after 42 months
Page 2
,10. Which statement BEST characterizes the results of research on children from Romanian
orphanages?
A) Positive experiences in later childhood cannot counteract the effect of negative
early childhood experiences.
B) Positive experiences in later childhood counteract the effect of negative early
childhood experiences.
C) The impact of positive experiences on children's resiliency depends on the timing
and extent of the neglect.
D) Neglect in infancy always has severe and lasting consequences.
11. Of Aristotle, Locke, and Plato, which philosopher(s) believed that all knowledge comes
from experience, meaning that infants are born without innate knowledge?
A) Locke only
B) Plato only
C) Aristotle and Locke only
D) Plato and Aristotle only
12. Which philosopher offered the argument that children should be provided with
maximum freedom and no formal education prior to the age of reason at approximately
age 12?
A) Rousseau
B) Plato
C) Aristotle
D) Locke
13. One of the earliest examples of research conducted for the benefit of children was:
A) Watson's experiments on the effects of reward and punishment.
B) the Earl of Shaftesbury's effort to reform child labor practices.
C) Freud's dream analysis.
D) Locke's advocacy of early discipline and later freedom.
14. Who developed the “baby biography”?
A) Darwin
B) Locke
C) Freud
D) Watson
Page 3
, 15. The emergence of theories such as those of Freud and Watson in the early twentieth
century reflected the:
A) increasing influence of early philosophical views of childhood.
B) incorporation of research findings into the study of child development.
C) desire of editors at universities to find suitable articles to print in professional
journals.
D) rise of young children as paid laborers in factories and mines.
16. Freud based his theory of child development in large part on:
A) analysis of dreams and childhood memories.
B) a systematic daily diary of a single child's growth.
C) experiments of the effects of reward and punishment on rats and other animals.
D) study of children working in coal mines.
17. Which factor is NOT an enduring theme in the study of child development?
A) nature and nurture
B) continuity and discontinuity
C) stress and adaptation
D) individual differences in development
18. Which person is MOST likely to develop schizophrenia, based on current research
findings?
A) Stacey, whose first cousin suffers from the disorder
B) Margaret, whose grandfather suffers from the disorder
C) Brandon, whose father suffers from the disorder
D) Michael, whose sister suffers from the disorder
19. The study of stable changes in gene expression that are mediated by the environment is
referred to as:
A) epigenetics.
B) evolutionary psychology.
C) neuroscience.
D) genometrics.
20. Evidence for the enduring epigenetic impact of early experiences and behaviours on
development comes from what type of research?
A) research on methylation
B) meta-analysis
C) longitudinal studies
D) cross-sectional designs
Page 4
concluded what regarding the impact of playing violent video games on childhood and
adolescent aggression?
A) Their results indicated a direct link between the two.
B) They found that those who play less violent video games demonstrated increased
prosocial behaviours.
C) Their results were inconclusive.
D) They concluded that the effect of playing violent video games on childhood and
adolescent aggression were minimal.
2. A method for combining the results from independent studies to determine a general
conclusion on the topic is known as:
A) meta-analysis.
B) factor analysis.
C) longitudinal design.
D) cross-sectional design.
3. Which statement is NOT a general reason to learn about child development, as outlined
in the text?
A) Knowledge regarding child development can help caregivers raise children.
B) Research on child development can aid social policy development and adoption.
C) Knowledge of child development can provide a more thorough understand of
human nature.
D) Research on child development can assist court orders regarding child custody.
4. Research has determined that this brain area is involved in emotional reactions.
A) the amygdala
B) the hippocampus
C) the hypothalamus
D) the pons
5. One main conclusion based on the Romanian adoption study is that:
A) development is a direct result of sociocultural experiences.
B) there is no impact of social experiences on the developmental process.
C) the timing of experiences influences their effect on development.
D) development is a general result of biological influences.
Page 1
,6. This major group of contemporary philosophers and psychologists argues that
evolution has created many remarkable capabilities that are present, even in early
infancy, particularly in areas of special importance, such as understanding basic
properties of physical objects, plants and animals, and other people.
A) nativists
B) evolutionary psychologists
C) empiricists
D) Freudians
7. This major group of philosophers and psychologists has argued that infants possess
general learning mechanisms that allow them to learn a great deal quite quickly but that
infants and young children lack the specialized capabilities that nativists attribute to
them.
A) nativists
B) evolutionary psychologists
C) empiricists
D) Freudians
8. Considering the research on preschoolers' ability to provide accurate testimony about
past events, which piece of advice would be the MOST important for an interviewer to
be told prior to interviewing a young child?
A) Bring a doll to aid the child in answering your questions.
B) Make sure you know the answers to the questions before asking the child.
C) If you do not think the child has answered a question accurately, ask the question
again.
D) Ask questions that will help children to testify accurately.
9. Romanian-born children who were adopted by British families _____ fared BEST in
weight gain after adoption.
A) before age 6 months
B) between the ages of 6 and 24 months
C) between the ages of 24 and 42 months
D) after 42 months
Page 2
,10. Which statement BEST characterizes the results of research on children from Romanian
orphanages?
A) Positive experiences in later childhood cannot counteract the effect of negative
early childhood experiences.
B) Positive experiences in later childhood counteract the effect of negative early
childhood experiences.
C) The impact of positive experiences on children's resiliency depends on the timing
and extent of the neglect.
D) Neglect in infancy always has severe and lasting consequences.
11. Of Aristotle, Locke, and Plato, which philosopher(s) believed that all knowledge comes
from experience, meaning that infants are born without innate knowledge?
A) Locke only
B) Plato only
C) Aristotle and Locke only
D) Plato and Aristotle only
12. Which philosopher offered the argument that children should be provided with
maximum freedom and no formal education prior to the age of reason at approximately
age 12?
A) Rousseau
B) Plato
C) Aristotle
D) Locke
13. One of the earliest examples of research conducted for the benefit of children was:
A) Watson's experiments on the effects of reward and punishment.
B) the Earl of Shaftesbury's effort to reform child labor practices.
C) Freud's dream analysis.
D) Locke's advocacy of early discipline and later freedom.
14. Who developed the “baby biography”?
A) Darwin
B) Locke
C) Freud
D) Watson
Page 3
, 15. The emergence of theories such as those of Freud and Watson in the early twentieth
century reflected the:
A) increasing influence of early philosophical views of childhood.
B) incorporation of research findings into the study of child development.
C) desire of editors at universities to find suitable articles to print in professional
journals.
D) rise of young children as paid laborers in factories and mines.
16. Freud based his theory of child development in large part on:
A) analysis of dreams and childhood memories.
B) a systematic daily diary of a single child's growth.
C) experiments of the effects of reward and punishment on rats and other animals.
D) study of children working in coal mines.
17. Which factor is NOT an enduring theme in the study of child development?
A) nature and nurture
B) continuity and discontinuity
C) stress and adaptation
D) individual differences in development
18. Which person is MOST likely to develop schizophrenia, based on current research
findings?
A) Stacey, whose first cousin suffers from the disorder
B) Margaret, whose grandfather suffers from the disorder
C) Brandon, whose father suffers from the disorder
D) Michael, whose sister suffers from the disorder
19. The study of stable changes in gene expression that are mediated by the environment is
referred to as:
A) epigenetics.
B) evolutionary psychology.
C) neuroscience.
D) genometrics.
20. Evidence for the enduring epigenetic impact of early experiences and behaviours on
development comes from what type of research?
A) research on methylation
B) meta-analysis
C) longitudinal studies
D) cross-sectional designs
Page 4
