1
Introduction to Terminology and Body Organization Study Guide
The three main axes of the body
a) Frontal axis- It is the line of the body that moves from left to right via the center.
Example somersaulting
b) Sagittal axis- This is the line of the body that moves from front to the back via the
center. Example when performing a cartwheel
c) Vertical axis- This is a line that moves from the top to the bottom via the center of
the body. Example a skater performing a spin
Note; Studying on the above axes will make you understand the relationship between them as
the movement of the body is facilitated via the center (Holmes, 2018).
Skeletal System
✔ Location of the bones of the Skull
a) Occipital bone- form the base of the skull
b) Frontal bone- Form the forehead
c) Sphenoid & ethnocide bone- form the orbital sockets and the nasal cavity of the
body (Zhongyi, Sai, Chao, & Jiwei, 2015).They also offer protection of the most
important organs of the skull
✔ Structural aspect of the vertebral bone and intervertebral disc
⮚ Intervertebral discs
It is made up of two discs;
, 2
a) Annulus Fibrosus- it encompasses the nucleus pulposus
b) Nucleus pulposus- This one contains an hydrated gel that prevents compression
⮚ Vertebral bone
It consists of thirty-three bones which are divided in to the following sections and are
connected to each other by use of the intervertebral discs. (West, Mito, Kurosaka,
Takumi, Tanegashima, Chujo, & Fox, 2016).
a) Cervical bone- They are seven in number located on the neck
b) Thoracic bones- They are articulated with the ribs and they are twelve in total.
c) Lumbar vertebrae- They are located between the ribs and sacrum.
Introduction to Terminology and Body Organization Study Guide
The three main axes of the body
a) Frontal axis- It is the line of the body that moves from left to right via the center.
Example somersaulting
b) Sagittal axis- This is the line of the body that moves from front to the back via the
center. Example when performing a cartwheel
c) Vertical axis- This is a line that moves from the top to the bottom via the center of
the body. Example a skater performing a spin
Note; Studying on the above axes will make you understand the relationship between them as
the movement of the body is facilitated via the center (Holmes, 2018).
Skeletal System
✔ Location of the bones of the Skull
a) Occipital bone- form the base of the skull
b) Frontal bone- Form the forehead
c) Sphenoid & ethnocide bone- form the orbital sockets and the nasal cavity of the
body (Zhongyi, Sai, Chao, & Jiwei, 2015).They also offer protection of the most
important organs of the skull
✔ Structural aspect of the vertebral bone and intervertebral disc
⮚ Intervertebral discs
It is made up of two discs;
, 2
a) Annulus Fibrosus- it encompasses the nucleus pulposus
b) Nucleus pulposus- This one contains an hydrated gel that prevents compression
⮚ Vertebral bone
It consists of thirty-three bones which are divided in to the following sections and are
connected to each other by use of the intervertebral discs. (West, Mito, Kurosaka,
Takumi, Tanegashima, Chujo, & Fox, 2016).
a) Cervical bone- They are seven in number located on the neck
b) Thoracic bones- They are articulated with the ribs and they are twelve in total.
c) Lumbar vertebrae- They are located between the ribs and sacrum.
