PHARMACOLOGY Comprehensive Exam Questions With Complete Solutions - Latest Update Graded A+ 2023/2024

PHARMACOLOGY Comprehensive Exam Questions With Complete Solutions - Latest Update Graded A+ 2023/2024. Which of the following is TRUE about therapeutic index? A. There is no difference between the slopes of the dose response curves for the therapeutic and lethal effects B. The margin of safety is large if the ratio of median lethal dose and effective dose is <1 C. Cardiac glycosides and cancer chemotherapeutic agents have large therapeutic index D. The higher the ratio between the LD50 and ED50, the safer the drug - ANSWER-D. The higher the ratio between the LD50 and ED50, the safer the drug Which of the following is TRUE about quantal dose response relationship? A. There is greater magnitude of response as the dose increases B. The effect of the dose is judged to be either present or absent C. It is not used to determine the LD50 of drugs D. All of the above - ANSWER-B. The effect of the dose is judged to be either present or absent Which of the following statement/s best describes the U-shaped dose-response curve? A. It is a dose-response curve observed for chemotherapeutic drugs B. At low dose, adverse effect is not observed C. Surpassing the dose required to maintain homeostasis, overdose toxicity can ensue D. All of the above - ANSWER-C. Surpassing the dose required to maintain homeostasis, overdose toxicity can ensue Which of the following is a bacteriostatic antibiotic? A. Amikacin B. Azithromycin C. Vancomycin D. Streptomycin - ANSWER-B. Azithromycin In choosing an antimicrobial agent, which of the following principles is correct? A. A higher threshold for empirical therapy should be used in critically ill patients B. If therapy is not working, change the present antimicrobial therapy immediately C. Distinguish new infection from failure of initial therapy D. Host factors do not affect breadth of empirical therapy - ANSWER-C. Distinguish new infection from failure of initial therapy A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with HIV infection with no complaint but a CD4 count of 150 cells/mm3. He was given cotrimoxazole by this attending physician. This type of therapy is A. empirical B. definitive C. post treatment suppressive D. prophylaxis - ANSWER-D. prophylaxis Concurrent administration of a β-lactamase inhibitor such as clavulanate or sulbactam to this type of agents markedly expands their spectrum of activity, particularly against H. influenzae, E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, and B. fragilis. A. Carbapenem B. Aminopenicillin C. Isoxazolyl penicillin D. Monobactam - ANSWER-B. Aminopenicillin Which of the following antibiotics inhibits the last step in peptidoglycan synthesis? A. Erythromycin B. Penicillin C. Metronidazole D. Vancomycin - ANSWER-B. Penicillin Which of the following is a protein synthesis inhibitor that target ribosome? A. Quinupristin B. Amikacin C. Azithromycin D. Polymyxin - ANSWER-A. Quinupristin Which of the following is the mechanism of action of doxycycline? A. Inhibition of initiation and misreading of B. Binding to 30 S subunit and inhibiting the binding of aminoacyl-t-RNA to A site C. Inhibiting peptidyl transferase activity D. Binding to 50 S subunit - ANSWER-B. Binding to 30 S subunit and inhibiting the binding of aminoacyl-t-RNA to A site Aminoglycosides inhibit protein synthesis by which of the following mechanisms? A. By binding irreversibly to the 50S ribosomal subunit B. By preventing access of aminoacyl tRNA to the acceptor site on the mRNA-ribosome complex C. By causing misreading and premature termination of mRNA translation D. By reversible binding and inhibition of isoleucyl tRNA - ANSWER-C. By causing misreading and premature termination of mRNA translation Which of the following steps precedes the others in selecting a P-drug? A. Choose an effective group according to criteria B. Define the diagnosis C. Specify the therapeutic objective D. Make inventory of effective groups of drugs - ANSWER-B. Define the diagnosis Which of the following is considered as the first selection criterion when making an inventory of effective groups of drugs? A. Cost of treatment B. Safety C. Efficacy D. Suitability - ANSWER-C. Efficacy Which of the following is an advantage of using Latin abbreviations in prescription writing? A. Better patient compliance B. More difficult alteration by the patient C. Improved writing skills of the physician D. Lesser occurrence of medication errors - ANSWER-B. More difficult alteration by the patient Which of the following characteristics would best ensure percutaneous absorption? A. Low partition coefficient B. Molecular weight >500 Da C. Adequate solubility in both water and oil D. Capacity to pass through stratum corneum - ANSWER-D. Capacity to pass through stratum corneum Which vehicle for topically applied drugs spreads and removes easily and can be applied in many locations of the body? A. Gel B. Lotion C. Ointment D. Cream - ANSWER-D. Cream Which antibiotic for cutaneous bacterial infections is relatively safest on the premise that it does not affect normal skin flora? A. Mupirocin B. Neomycin C. Gentamicin D. Bacitracin - ANSWER-A. Mupirocin What is the likely reason for the strong anticholinergic activity in first generation antihistamines? A. The drug is less lipophilic B. The drug is highly lipophilic C. The drug is a substrate of P-glycoprotein D. The drug cannot cross the blood-brain barrier - ANSWER-B. The drug is highly lipophilic