Summary USPS 143 EXAM 1 study guide 2023

Textbook Readings Summary Week 1 Week 1: Chapter 1: Paradox of Excess & Deprivation ● Not enough care: underinsured, uninsured, medicaid coverage not accepted. ● Too much care: too much care (tests/procedures), that can end up being harmful and are unnecessary expenses. ● Wasteful healthcare: 21-34% expenditures ● US Healthcare: least universal, most expensive in the industrialized world. Week 1: Chapter 11: Prevention of Illness ● Primary prevention: prevent disease or injury (ie. vaccinations). good in preventing human suffering and decreasing the cost of thwarting diseases. Avert the occurrence of disease or injury. ● Secondary prevention: early detection of disease and intervention to reverse or stop conditions from progressing. (ie. mammograms).Strategies of Prevention ○ 1. address the fundamental social determinants of illness ○ 2. public health interventions to reduce the incidence of illness in the population as a whole ○ 3. individual health care providers performing preventative interventions for individual patients ● First Epi Revol: 19th century discovery of agents that cause infectious diseases allow for mapping of risk and efforts to reduce incidence. ○ : death rates from infectious disease fall ○ immunizations, antibiotics (mid 1990s) ● Second Epi Revol: 1950s breakthrough in epidemiology of non infectious diseases: combating major causes of death, reduction of premature death , and disability. ○ main causes of death are preventable. ● 2.6% out of the $2.9 trillion that go into health is used in preventing illness/Public Health (2013) ● Infectious disease mortality is influenced more by improved living standards and public health measures than by medical interventions ● A large number of people at small risk for a disease may give rise to more cases of the disease than the smaller number of people who are at high risk