NURS 251 Pharmacology Module 3 Final Exam Review | Latest Update 2023/2024

NURS 251 Pharmacology Module 3 Final Exam Review | Latest Update 2023/2024. Hyperlipidemia Hypercholesterolemia is defined as a condition in which higher than normal amounts of cholesterol are present in the blood. This may lead to the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Cholesterol is a fat-soluble steroid found in animal fats, oils, egg yolks, as well as widely distributed in the body, especially in the bile, blood, brain tissue, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, and nerve fibers. Our bodies get cholesterol in two ways: the first is through the foods that we eat, the second is through the body itself. The liver is responsible for cholesterol production. Cholesterol is necessary to make steroid hormones, cell membranes, and bile acid. However, when the body has too much cholesterol, it can lead to plaque formation, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease. Plaque is defined as a substance containing cholesterol, dead cell products, and calcium that accumulates in the innermost layer of the arteries. Lipids are fat soluble, so in order to move throughout the body, they must be attached to a lipid carrying protein. This combination is called a lipoprotein that can transport lipids via the blood. Lipoproteins are what we are actually referring to when we use the term. Describe how a clinician takes a patient’s blood pressure. Blood pressure is measured using the instrument called sphygmomanometer which is also called blood pressure cuff. The instrument used is called a sphygmomanometer. The health care provider uses a blood pressure cuff to cut off the blood flow from the brachial artery. As they release the pressure in the cuff, using a stethoscope, they are listening for the first sound, called the Korotkoff sound, meaning there is no longer enough pressure to keep all the blood from flowing. This is the top number or systolic value of the patient’s blood pressure. The provider continues to let air out of the cuff and eventually the sounds disappear, representing that the brachial artery is now completely open. This is known as the diastolic value or bottom number in a patient’s blood pressure. Question 6 Differentiate essential hypertension and secondary hypertension.