Cognitive Psychology Chapter 1-3 Quiz Questions and 100% Answers

Cognition - Mental activity, describes the acquisition, storage, transformation, and use of knowledge Cognitive Psychology - Theoretical approach to psychology synonymous with thinking and thinking processes Cognitive Approach - Theoretical Orientation that emphasizes people's thought processes and their knowledge. Empirical Evidence - Scientific Evidence found through scientific means Introspection - The idea that carefully trained observers would systematically analyze their own sensations and report them as objectively as possible. Recency Effect - We tend to remember the last thing in a sequence especially accurately Behaviorism - Psychological approach that believed we were all reactions to stimuli in our environment. focused on Behaviors and was commonly associated with Behaviorist John B. Watson. Operation Definition - A precise definition that specifies exactly how a concept is measured. Gestalt Psychology - Humans have basic tendencies to organize what we see. the whole is greater then the sum of its parts Gestalt - An overall quality that transcends the individual elements of an object (I.e. The Object looks like a face rather then a circle with two lines for eyes) Information processing approach - -Mental processes are similar to a computer -Information processes through our cognitive system in a series of stages, one at a time. Atkinson-Shiffrin model - Proposed memory involved a sequence of separate steps; in each step information is transferred from one storage area to another. Sensory Memory - Is a storage system that records information from each of the senses (taste, hearing, seeing,ect) with reasonable accuracy. Short-term Memory (working memory) - Your Active Memory that is being used in the present Long-term Memory - Your stored memory Ecological Validity - If the conditions in which research is conducted are similar to the natural setting where the results will be applied. Cognitive Neuroscience - combines the research techniques of cognitive psychology with various methods for assessing the structure and function of the brain. Social Cognitive Neuroscience - Using Cognitive neuroscience to look at our interactions with people Brain lesions - The destruction of an area in the brain Pet Scan (Positron Emission tomography) - Researchers measure blood flow in the brain by injecting the participant with a low dose of radioactive chemical just before the person works on a cognitive task. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) - shows where oxygen rich blood is inside the brain. Event-Related Potential Technique - Records the very brief fluctuation in the brain's electrical activity, in response to a stimulus such as an auditory tone. Artificial Intelligence (AI) - Creating computer models that show "intelligent behavior" and also accomplish the same tasks humans do Computer metaphor - Our cognitive processes work like a computer Pure AI - An approach that designs a program to accomplish a cognitive task as efficiently as possibly, even if the computer's processes are completely different from processes used by humans Computer simulation (computer Modeling) - Takes human limitations into account and programs a computer to preform a cognitive task the same way humans do.