Nursing Leadership Exam 2 Questions and Answers

1. The process in which information, perception, and understanding are transmitted from person to person is: a. articulation. b. communication. c. evaluation. d. pronunciation. Communication is the process in which information, perception, and understanding are transmitted from person to person. 2. Unspoken affective or expressive behaviors best describe which type of communication? a. Effective communication b. Ineffective communication c. Non-verbal communication d. Verbal communication Non-verbal communication is unspoken. It is composed of affective or expressive behaviors. 3. A communication model that focuses on compassion, expression of emotion, and providing validation via support is the: a. validation, emotion, reassurance, activity (VERA) framework. b. situation, background, assessment, and recommendation (SBAR) Communication Theory. c. nonviolent communication (NVC) model. d. Human Relationship Model. The VERA (validation, emotion, reassurance, activity) framework for communication was developed to meet a need for nursing students who were at a loss to communicate with persons with communication difficulties (Hawkes et al., 2015). 4. A human communication activity designed to influence another to change attitudes or alter behaviors by the use of techniques such as argument, reasoning, or pleading is known as: a. advisement. b. consultation. c. persuasion. d. suggestion. Persuasion is a human communication activity designed to influence another to change attitudes or alter behaviors by the use of techniques such as argument, reasoning, or pleading. 5. Which of the following is true about negotiation? a. It commonly results in a win-lose situation. b. It is aimed at solving problems, conflicts, or disputes. c. It is used only in contract and labor union disputes. d. It is the exchanging of favors or trading activity. Negotiation is a dialogical discussion between two or more parties to arrive at an agreement about some issue. It is used to solve problems, conflicts, or disputes. 6. A nursing preceptor is giving feedback to a new nurse who currently is being oriented. Her preceptor suggests a better method of interacting with a family member by saying, “You might want to be cognizant of your non-verbal behaviors when talking with clients. Rather than continuing to chart when you are talking with an American family, stop charting, move closer to the family and client, look at them during the conversation, and take time to let them share their concerns.” This preceptor is giving advice about: a. interpersonal communication. b. clarity. c. image. d. intention. If the verbal message is clear, but the non-verbal communication is not congruent, then listeners may misinterpret, distrust, or not even hear the intended message. In this situation, the nurse’s non-verbal behavior may suggest that she is not interested in interacting with the family. 7. The transformational leader engages staff by: a. punishing errors. b. sharing vision and decision making. c. taking a top-down approach to leadership. d. making unilateral decisions for the team. Effective transformational nurse leaders will engage their staff through role modeling and mentorship of inclusion behaviors such as developing rapport, sharing vision and decision making, providing constructive feedback, and communicating successful outcomes. The communication of transformational leaders is focused on positive interchanges, rather than punishment, and inclusion in decision making versus authoritarianism. 8. An example of an external variable that may affect communication is: a. circumstance. b. personality. c. thoughts. d. feelings. Communication may be affected by the interaction of external variables (others, a situation) and internal variables (you). Internal factors are the only thing under our own control. We have little control over others or the situation, because those are external to us. 9. communication patterns exist between colleagues and serve to contribute to a hostile work environment, high turnover, burnout, and job dissatisfaction. a. Defensive b. Disruptive c. Negotiating d. Humanizing Documentation in literature is extensive regarding disruptive and distracting communication interactions not only between nurses and colleagues but also between nurses and patients. The research indicates that nursing personnel experience high turnover rates, job dissatisfaction, and burnout; many registered nurses are leaving the profession. The work environment is described as hostile to nurses, and patient outcomes of increased severity of illness and mortality have been directly related to poor communication skills of the staff. 10. Over lunch in the cafeteria, student nurses are sharing educational information about the patients for whom they are caring. This is a(n): a. breach of beneficence. b. example of maleficence. c. potential assault and battery charge. d violation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). . HIPAA provisions have heightened awareness about and encouraged strategies to protect a patient’s privacy in health care transactions. This is an example of breach of confidentiality. 11. Interpersonal communication is defined as: a. the conscious intent by one individual to modify the thoughts or behaviors of others. b. a combination of written and spoken communication. c. a theory used to describe a manner of communicating. d. communication between two or more individuals involving face-to-face interaction. Interpersonal communication is defined as communication between two or more individuals involving face-to-face interaction while all parties are aware of the others on an ongoing basis. 12. Organizational tones are based mostly on: a. unspoken cultural norms. b. commitment to success. c. communication behavior. d. leadership styles. The entire tone of the organization is based mostly on unspoken cultural norms. Because nurses make up the bulk of the health care workforce, having nurse leaders at the helm of the organization can influence the culture and climate of the organization as a whole. 13. Which communication technique is most effective when handling patient complaints? a. Persuasion b. Bargaining c. Negotiation d. Non-verbal cues Negotiation is a dialogical discussion between two or more parties to arrive at an agreement about some issue. 14. A communication system developed originally to address communication patterns in critical situations is: a. VERA framework. b. NVC model. c. crucial conversations. d. TeamSTEPPS. Communication effectiveness becomes crucial in times of emergency or disaster. TeamSTEPPS was initially developed to address communication issues between nurses and providers during critical patient events. 15. The number one cause of preventable medical errors is: a. hostile work environments. b. poor communication. c. ineffective leadership. d. staff competency. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) has collected data regarding patient safety over many years. They discovered that poor communication was the number one cause of preventable medical errors (Kleiner et al., 2014). After discovering the staggering number of preventable medical errors and recognizing that communication problems were cited as the number one contributor, the AHRQ partnered with the Department of Defense (DOD) and developed the TeamSTEPPS program ..........................................................CONTINUE