Pathophysiology EXAM 4 UTA 2023 With All Questions Answered Correctly

Pathophysiology EXAM 4 UTA 2023 With All Questions Answered Correctly pituitary gland - Answer The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary Is MASTER GLAND and regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. ACTH, TSH and ADH important in this unit. ACTH - Answer Adrenocorticotropic hormone- stimulates the action of adrenal gland to secrete glucocorticoids like cortisol. ADH - Answer antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) that works on Kidney and smooth muscles. Part of RAAS. Causes vasoconstriction and reabsorption of H2O TSH - Answer thyroid stimulating hormone that acts on the thyroid gland. Stimulates T3, T4, calcitonin and Thyroxine. Diabetes Insipidus - Answer Caused by hyposecretion of ADH which causes little to n o reabsorption of H2O. Results in polyuria, increased thirst, high B osmolarity which results in general signs of dehydration. diabetes insipidus etiology - Answer Two possible 1. Kidneys no longer respond to ADH 2. Brain no longer secretion or lessening of secretions (maybe tumor or edema) SIADH - Answer syndrome of inappropriate hyper antidiuretic hormone. That cause s excess retention of water resulting in BP increase (increased stroke volume), generalized edema. SIADH etiology - Answer 1. Drugs --> especially anesthetics 2. Trauma; brain tumor etc... 3. Neoplastic disease ; ectopic production of hormone T3 and T4 function - Answer metabolism Calcitonin function - Answer Lowers blood calcium levels by triggering uptake in bones. Hyperthyroidism - Answer excessive activity of the thyroid gland that can be due to cancer autoimmune dz or overactive pituitary. Hyperthyroidism autoimmune - Answer Grave's dz Hyperthyroidism labs - Answer T3, T4 and and TSH S/S of hyperthyroidism - Answer Same as hypermetabolism... agitated, exopthal mus, nervous, diarrhea, hot, ^HR, ^BP, thin, hyperactive etc.goiter thyrotoxic crisis - Answer aka Thyroid storm- toxic condition characterized by hyperthermia, tachycardia, nervous symptoms, and rapid metabolism. Tx Hyperthyroid: - Answer Thyroidectomy, meds-radioactive iodine or thioamide (inhibits incorp of I into hormones) Hypothyroidism etiology - Answer low levels of thyroid hormone due to hypoactive thyroid gland from congenital defect, removal or destruction of arts of the gland autoimmune, endemic iodine deficiency. Hypothyroidism autoimmune - Answer Hashimotos Hypothyroidism S/S - Answer Same as hypometabolism ie, tired, sluggish Cold intolerant obese decreased hr, p, rr Hypothroidism labs - Answer low T3/T4 High TSH Myxedema coma - Answer extreme hypothyroidism(abrupt med cessation), rare with a high mortality rate = decreased cardiac output leads to decreased tissue perfusion which leads to brain and organ depletion leading to multi-organ failure Tx hypothyroidism - Answer administration of thyroid hormones- levothyroxine or synthroid. DOSED IM MICROGRAMS Screening at birth is mandatory. Early detection is critical to prevent mental retardation. What hormones regulate calcium? - Answer parathyroid hormone and calcitonin Osteoclasts are - Answer cells that break down bone matrix Osteoblasts are - Answer bone forming cells Osteoporosis - Answer A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily. Osteoblast activity cannot kep up with osteoclast.