Anatomy & Physiology Final Exam with 100% Correct Answers 2023

Anatomy & Physiology Final Exam with 100% Correct Answers 2023 A jogger has stepped in a pothole and sprained his ankle. What organ systems have suffered damage? - ANSWER-Skeletal Cardiovascular Integumentary Nervous Muscular A newborn baby is unable to hold down any milk. Examination reveals a developmental disorder in which the esophagus fails to connect to the stomach. What survival needs are most immediately threatened? - ANSWER-nutrition and water The Chan family was traveling in their can and had a minor accident. The children in the backseat were wearing seat belts, but they still sustained bruises around the abdomen and had some internal organ injuries. Why is this area more vulnerable to damage than others? - ANSWER-no skeletal protection or soft tissue John, a patient at Jones City Hospital, is in tough shape. He has a hernia in his inguinal region, pain from an infected kidney in his lumbar region, and severe bruises and swelling in his pubic region. Explain where each of these regions in located. - ANSWER-Hernia→thigh and trunk meet Kidney→lower back Bruises→genital area The hormone thyroxine is released in response to a pituitary hormone called TSH. As thyroxine levels increase in the blood, they exert negative feedback on the release of TSH by the pituitary gland. What effect will this have on the release of TSH? - ANSWER-TSH declines In congestive heart failure, the weakened heart is unable to pump with sufficient strength to empty its own chambers. As a result, blood backs up in the veins, blood pressure rises, and circulation is impaired. Describe what will happen as this situation worsens owing to positive feedback. Then, predict how a heart strengthening medication will reverse positive feedback. - ANSWER-circulation will slow down causing organ failure medication will strengthen the heart (reduces pressure) and an increase in blood supply The following advanced imaging techniques are discussed in the text: Ct, DSA, PET, ultrasound, and MRI. which of these techniques uses X-rays? Which uses radio waves and magnetic fields? Which uses radioisotopes? Which displays body regions in sections? (You may have more than one answer for each question) - ANSWER-CT and DSA→X-rays MRI and ultrasound→magnetic fields and radio waves PET→radioisotopes CT, MRI, and PET display body regions in sections. A patient reports stabbing pains in the right hypochondriac region. The medical staff suspects gallstones. What region of the body will be examined? - ANSWER-right side of the body (below the rib cage) Mr. Harvey, a computer programmer, has been complaining of numbness and pain in his right hand. His nurse practitioner diagnoses his problem as carpal tunnel syndrome and prescribes the use of a split. Where will Mr. Harvey apply the splint? - ANSWER-in the right wrist It is determined that a patient is in acidosis. What does this mean, and would you treat the condition with a chemical that would raise or lower the pH balance? - ANSWER- excessive acid in the body fluids (lower the pH) A newborn is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia, a genetic disease in which substitution of one amino acid results in abnormal hemoglobin. Explain to the parents how the substitution can have such drastic effect on the structure of the protein. - ANSWER- oxygen will not bind (there will be a little oxygen in the blood) Johnny's body temperature is spiking upward. When it reaches 104 degrees, his mother puts in a call to the pediatrician. She is advised to give Johnny children's acetaminophen or ibuprofen and sponge his body with cool to tepid water to prevent a further rise in temperature. How might a fever (excessively high body temperature) be detrimental to Johnny's welfare? - ANSWER-if his body temperature becomes too hot (overheated) Mrs. Gallo's physician suspects that she is showing the initial signs of multiple sclerosis, a disease characterized by the formation of hardened plaques in the insulating sheaths surrounding nerve fibers. What medical imaging technique will the physician probably order to determine if such plaques are present? - ANSWER-serial magnetic resonance (MR) Stanley has indigestion and is doubled over in pain. How could an antacid reduce his stomach discomfort? - ANSWER-there is more acid than he can handle, and an antacid will act as a buffer against increasing pH Explain why the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi requires more energy than the amount released for cellular use when ATP is broken down. - ANSWER-ATP--> ADP + Pi (releases energy) ADP+Pi-->ATP (absorbs energy)