Fundamentals of Nursing Chapter 1, 2, 3, 4

Dorothea Orem Self -care deficit nursing theory; goal is to help client attain total self-care Sr. Callista Roy adaptation model was inspired by the strength and resiliency of children; model relates to the choices people make as they adapt to illness and wellness Madeleine M. Leininger cultural care diversity and universality theory; caring theory Jean Watson Caring theory; nursing is an interpersonal process Clara Barton "angel of the battlefield" during the Civil War, cared for soldiers both in north and south; first president of American Red Cross Dorothea Dix an activist for better mental health care and the establishment of psychiatric hospitals; Superintendent of Female Nurses in Army in 1861; not a nurse but a retired school teacher Florence Nightingale established modern nursing; attended Kaiserworth School in Germany in 1851; famous for nursing care during the crimean war; Mary Mahoney First african american nurse in the US; established National Association for Colored Graduate Nurses Linda Richards Recognized as the first "trained nurse" in the US; later went to establish the first nursing school in Japan Isabel Hampton Robb Activist for nursing labor reform in late 1800s; helped get shifts with meal breaks for nurses and worked on establishing a 3-year training program and for licensure examination and nursing registration 1836; Kaiserworth, Germany The first school of nursing was established in what year and where? 1955 Year that all states required practical nurses to be licensed. Texas and California The title LPN is used in all states except Nurses Associated Alumnae of the United States What was formed in 1897 in effort to oversee training to protect patients against incompetent nurses? LPN/LVN most basic entry level options for nurses ADN entry level educational option for registered nurses; attend nursing school for a minimum of 2 years Diploma Program Nurse educated in a hospital based nursing education program of which few remain Baccalaureate Degree Nurse enter a university to pursue their nursing education; take all required courses over a course of 4 years Masters of Science in Nursing allows a nurse to specialize in areas such as (4) Clinical nurse specialist Nurse Practitioner Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist Nurse Midwife Nurse Practice Act law governing nurses' actions; law is written to specifically address each level of nursing; in every state, LPNs are required to practice under the supervision of an RN or physician, and RNs under a physician; is in each state Modern Nursing began in 1836 in Germany by who Pastor Theodore Fliedner evidence-based practice (EBP) A problem solving approach to delivering health care; uses best evidence from nursing research studies and patient care data and considers patient's preferences and values Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) established in 2005; focuses on the knowledge, skills and attitudes (KSAs) needed by nurses to continually improve the quality and safety of patient care 1) Patient-Centered Care 2)Teamwork and Collaboration 3)Evidence Based Practice 4)Quality Improvement 5)Safety 6)Informatics QSEN focuses on what 6 areas of prelicensure KSAs? Medicare federal governments health insurance program for people older than 65 years or those with certain disabilities or conditions federal program Medicare is what type of government program federal-state program medicaid is what type of government program Medicaid federal-state program in which the federal government helps states pay for the health care of those with an income below the poverty level, as well as certain other individuals 1) Cost Containment 2)Pre-Existing Conditions 3) Small business premiums 4)Lifetime benefit caps Problems of the Affordable Care Act Include Managed Care any method of financing and organizing the delivery of health care in which costs are contained by controlling the provision of benefits and services Patient Centered Care quality to focus that emphasizes the patient and their family members as the center of our care as nurses provide compassionate and coordinated care Teamwork and Collaboration requires that you function effectively within the nursing team and other professionals Evidence Based Practice integrates the best practices proven with research and evidence and clinical expertise to deliver excellent patient care while considering values and preferences quality improvement requires that we review and evaluate our care and use that data to improves our processes safety ways to prevent risk and harm to patients and health care workers informatics emphasizes the use of technology and to communicate ,manage data, and prevent error Inpatients stay overnight or longer in a health care facility 1)medical necessity 2)appropriate level of care Two factors help guid decisions about patient care Outpatient designed to meet needs of patient in 1 day and then allow them to return home 1)acute care hospital or medical center 2)long term acute care hospital 3)skilled nursing facility 4)Rehabilitation Facility 5)Assisted Living Facility 6)Long-term care facility Types of Inpatient Settings (6) rehabilitation level of care in which the patient can receive intense physical occupation and speech therapy services Communicable diseases Health departments are responsible for the tracking and treatment of ? Communicable diseases diseases that are transmitted through direct contact with an infected individual or indirect contact through a carrier Home Health Care one or many types of health or medical services provided to patients in their homes because they are confined to their homes by an illness or disability; can be independent agencies or they may be a part of hospital based care setting Medicare requires that a patient needed skilled services in order to qualify for home health care Client-Centered Care empowers the patient to take control of and manage his or her care; often seen in rehabilitation setting primary care nursing one nurse is responsible for all aspects of nursing care for his or her assigned patients use of drugs and alcohol diversion of drugs from prescribed patients to personnel failure to supervise CNAs and NAs failure to adequately care for patients criminal conduct Unprofessional Conduct Include (5)