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, 1. 4
Accounting is therefore a process consisting of the following three activities:
Identifying those events that are evidence of economic activity (transactions)
relevant to the particular business or entity
Recording the monetary value of the economic events (transactions) in order to
provide a permanent history of the financial activities of a business. Recording
involves keeping a chronological diary of measured events in an orderly and
systematic manner and classifying and summarising economic events
Communicating the recorded information to interested users. This information is
communicated through the preparation and distribution of accounting reports, the
most common of which are known as financial statements.
2. 3
Financial statements can be prepared annually, six-monthly, quarterly or even on a
monthly basis. The financial statements prepared for periods of six months and less are
usually for internal use by management, for planning and control purposes. Annual
financial statements are compiled on the same date each year and are used by internal
(planning and control) and external parties. The period from that date in one year to the
day preceding it in the following year is a financial year. Financial statements must, by
law, be compiled annually for companies and close corporations.